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Don’t let your pet outsmart you by getting out

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Escape-proof your yard and keep your pets safe.

Image from Petology

Image from Petology

There are constantly pets in the streets and this holds many dangers in a cruel world. If your pets are out-and-about, they might get injured, hit by a car, attacked by other animals or hurt other animals, get poisoned, get shot, get stolen to sell, breed or for dog fights. They may also become a nuisance to others, especially cats.

We understand that accidents happen and some animals are really escape artists, but one of a few reasons why animals get out is because IT IS EASY! You get climbers, runners, jumpers, diggers, chewers, some learn to open gates or some pets use a combination of the above. We have seen fox terriers climb trees to get out.  Sadly there are also irresponsible owners who think it is acceptable to let them roam the streets. 

Secure your yard, but also take these precautions:

  • Sterilise your pets which helps reduce roaming.
  • Meet their needs in terms of enrichment (mentally, physically etc).
  • Don’t leave them alone for too long or consider day-care.
  • Make your garden their happy place. (Sandpit, sensory garden etc.)
  • Micro-chip them and register the microchip on more than one database.
  • Add a collar ID with your number on it.
  • For cats a break-away collar with ID tag.
  • Have a recent photo ready.
  • Get a responsible pet sitter when you are away.
  • When the garden services come, keep your pets inside.
  • If possible, keep them in your backyard, away from the street or only in front yard with supervision.
  • If your maid or gardener has a key, have a stern talk about keeping the gate closed.
  • Always check your yard for foreign objects and poisons which may endanger your pets.
  • Keep them away from gates & fences and out of sight, to prevent theft.

Petology provides guidelines to equip you with plausible methods to secure your yard and The Paw Company on how to keep your cats in. This can be possible with little investment and effort.

JUMPERS & CLIMBERS

  • Have large fences and high walls that can’t be easily climbed (no easy foothold).
  • Choose solid panel fences without anywhere for your dog to stick his/her paws. This will also keep your dog a lot calmer, since they can’t see what’s on the other side.
  • Metal fence panels or palisades can work but you’ll need to make provisions to prevent them from digging under or slipping through.
  • Make sure there’s nothing near the wall/ fence that your dog can use to give themselves a boost, like planters, benches, birdbaths, garbage bins etc.
  • Alternatively, you can add an extension to make the fence taller or you can install 45-degree angle lean-in section (overhang) onto the upper part of your fence/wall with brackets.  This tilts in to deter pets from getting over it.
  • Another alternative could be to add a roller bar (a.k.a Coyote rollers) made from PVC or Metal, which dogs’ paws can’t hold onto.  Both angled fences and roller bars work well for keeping cats in or out too.
petology - pet proof your yard

Image from Petology for JUMPERS

DIGGERS, CHEWERS & SLIP THROUGH-ERS

  • If you have palisades, you can add safe doggie bars which does not have a sharp edges.  You can also use durable welded wire mesh overlay and secure it with cable ties.  Not the plastic ones!
  • If they squeeze through or dig underneath your can buy or custom make metal dig-defence barriers with spikes, which goes deep into the ground.  If your fence is secure, but not your gate, consider a gate plate.
  • You can pour a concrete footer along the perimeter of the fence and bury/mount the bottom of the fence into the mixture.
  • Install an L-Footer/skirt/apron along the bottom of the fence, facing inwards.  You can use a wire mesh fence, hardware cloth or a piece of chain-link fence attached to the base of the fence.  Bury it so that it is not visible to the eye, or lay it on top of the grass and hold it down with pins/stakes, rocks, gravel, mulch or even planters.
  • Some people use “bumper collars” which prevents the pet from slipping though, but we do not support this method.
Petology - Pet proof your home

Image from Petology for DIGGERS, CHEWERS & SLIP THROUGH-ERS

RUNNERS

  • Runners are those that dash out the yard as soon as the gate opens. This means you will have to get creative to keep them in and it might require more planning and effort, but the effort can never outweigh the safety of your pet.
  • In this case you can consider getting in the help of a qualified behaviourist/trainer. Rewarding the good behaviour is important instead of punishment or fear-based training.  If you call them back and they come, give them a treat or lots of praise (not punishment)! Teach them to sit and wait, when the gate opens.
  • Try to limit their access to the driveway or main gate. You can install a double gate, which means you create an enclosed area in the yard. If someone wants to come in or out, they have to go through one gate, then the other gate.
  • You can use a temporary fence, portable playpen, enclosed area outside or a kennel/run to put them in when you know the main gate will be opened.
  • If your housing arrangement does not allow the above, then lure you pet into the house when you know the gate will open.
Petology - pet proof your home

Image from Petology for RUNNERS

KEEPING CATS IN

  • Higher walls (around 1.8m), without anything to jump on like a bench etc.
  • As mentioned above, roller bars and angled fences work well for cats too.
  • Use nets over your backyard.
  • Build a Catio.
  • Plant certain species of plants that cats dislike, but which are not poisonous to cats. Some cats seem to dislike the smell of rue, lavender, pennyroyal, coleus canina and lemon thyme. Some cats also seem to not like strong citrus scents.
  • Trim trees regularly and wrap them with plastic or pvc “dividers”, so they cannot climb high enough to get out.
  • If you really cannot apply any of the above, try creating a routine for your cat, for example, a lick of wet food in the morning to make sure they “check in” and again in the evening. Once they are in for the evening, close the doors/windows until the morning.
  • Create entertainment for your cats to keep them more indoors.
  • Invest in a good quality cat harness. Acclimatise your cat to the harness from a young age. With patience and persistence, an older cats will also get used to it.
The Paw Company

Image from The Paw Company

Remember to never punish your pet when they come back. This will not take away the desire to escape, but will make them afraid of returning home. Always find out why your pets try to get out and address the root cause. If it is a behavioural issue, contact a qualified behaviourist, not a trainer.

Where there is a will there is a way! Don’t let your pets outsmart you!

By: Ancois van Zyl

Pets & Microchips

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How much do you know about your pet’s microchip?
When your pet goes missing, you can drastically improve the chances of being reunited with them, by having them microchipped!

Some sources suggest that 1 in 3 pets will go missing at some point during their life. Studies suggest that dogs with microchips were twice as likely to be reunited with their owners as those without and cats a whopping 21 times more likely.

Shockingly more than 50% of owners do not know much about their pet’s microchip and how it works. Many do not even know whether and where it is registered

Microchips are rice grain-sized, safe and hurts no more than any inoculation. The procedure can be done by a Veterinarian, a qualified animal welfare worker or a registered microchip service provider representative.

A responsible Veterinarian will scan for the microchip before any other procedure is done. They should scan the whole body if the chip is not found immediately. Just in case it migrated.  It is important that animals be scanned at their yearly check-ups as well as, before moving or possible traumatic events (thunderstorms or festive times when fireworks can be expected) to ensure that their chips still work. 

When choosing a provider, apart from research on the microchip, providers and their platforms, you can also ask your Vet and local shelters which one is commonly used in your area or can easily be scanned by local shelters or Vet’s scanners.  Always choose an anti-migrating microchip.  

Microchips are not as expensive as people think. Prices can vary from R180 at some SPCA’s to R450 at a Veterinarian. Divide even the most expensive ones by 10 years, it is only R45 a year for peace of mind and double the chance of your pet being reunited with you after being lost. That is money well spent! 

Some countries use different frequency microchips. So, if you are travelling abroad or emigrating with your pet, make sure you check this!

The important part after microchipping – REGISTRATION! 
No one else, but you are responsible to make sure the microchip is registered after the procedure.  A microchip is not a GPS and only stores an identification number.  If this is not linked to your information on a database, it is useless!  The Vet or service providers do not do this automatically.   

You should be able to register any brand of microchip across multiple registries/databases/platforms and in most cases it is free. Registries are however not required to share owner information, so if a Vet or shelter does not search on all databases, they might not find the owner. Owners must ensure their pets are registered across all platforms.  

Details required by platforms can include Pet details, medical information, owner details, medical insurance details, breeder details, photo, second/third contact person, your Veterinarian’s contact details, injector’s ID number or practice number. Make sure you have these details prior to avoid frustration or delay or incomplete info when registering. Add a photo on all databases which has this feature and make sure it appears in the search.  

Some of the popular databases in SA include: 

Virbac (backhome), Identipet, GetMeKnown, FivestarID, Petlookup, KUSA and others. The two main search platforms we use are Chip-n-Doodle and Animal Microchip Lookup Africa (AMLA).  

EXAMPLE: We have 3 pets. 2 with Identipet and 1 with Fivestar chips. They are registered on GetMeKnown, Virbac – BackHome, FivestarID and Identipet platforms. If we search for them on Chip-n-Doodle then it shows “found” under FivestarID and GetMeKnown only. If we search for them on Animal Microchip Lookup Africa they are “found” under Idetipet and Vibrac. Make sure you are registered on at least one of each of these search facilities. 

You can download a certificate op registration from all sites to keep it safe.

What about a collar ID?
A collar with a tag, in addition to the microchip, is advisable. An ID collar might get your pet home faster, so never underestimate its value, however, a collar ID can fall off or be removed by animal thieves. We only prefer an updated contact number without the pets’ names on the tag, for safety reasons.  Cats should have break-away collars to prevent them from getting stuck or injured.

IMPORTANT! Microchip your pets, register their chips on a few databases and keep the information up-to-date! 

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER! 

Source: The Bulletin
Website: www.thebulletin.co.za

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Pet Emergency Preparedness

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pet

Pexels

Pet Emergency Preparedness

Ensuring the safety and well-being of our furry family in case of an emergency!

A pet emergency plan is crucial for safeguarding your pets in unforeseen events and ensuring their safety, well-being, and survival. It facilitates a quick and efficient response to emergencies, guiding you in gathering essentials, securing pets, and evacuating. Including proper identification in the plan, like collars with tags and microchips, increases the chances of reuniting with your pets if separated. Addressing health needs, evacuation preparedness, and compliance with regulations, the plan offers peace of mind and reduces stress during high-pressure situations. Communication and coordination strategies with family, neighbours, and responders are integral, as is the plan’s adaptability to various emergency scenarios.

A pet emergency plan is a vital tool for effective and swift responses to crises, prioritizing the safety and well-being of your beloved pets. Your pets are important members of your family, so they need to be included in your family’s emergency plan. To prepare for the unexpected follow these tips with your pets in mind:

  1. Make a plan
  2. Build an emergency kit
  3. Stay informed
pet

Pixabay

WHAT SHOULD YOUR PET EMERGENCY PLAN INCLUDE?

Having a comprehensive emergency plan for both yourself and your pets is crucial to minimize difficulties and stress during unforeseen situations, including illness or accidents.

A pet emergency plan is a comprehensive strategy designed to ensure the safety and well-being of your pets in the event of various emergencies or disasters. It involves careful consideration and preparation for situations such as natural disasters, medical emergencies, evacuations, or any unexpected events that may pose a threat to your pets. A well-thought-out pet emergency plan typically includes the following components:

  • Evacuation Plan: If evacuation becomes necessary, it’s vital to plan for your pets as well to prevent them from getting lost, injured, or worse if left behind. Know in advance where you can take your pets if you need to evacuate your home. Identify pet-friendly shelters, hotels, or the homes of friends and family members willing to accommodate your pets. You have to develop an evacuation strategy in advance. Coordinate with neighbours, friends, or relatives to ensure someone can care for or evacuate your pets if you are unable to do so.
  • Identification: Ensure your pets have proper identification, including collars with up-to-date tags and registered microchips. Register the microchip on multiple databases. Include your contact information and any essential medical details as well as an emergency contact outside your immediate area.
  • Transportation: Have appropriate carriers or crates for each pet, ensuring they are comfortable and secure during transport. Practice getting your pets used to being in carriers beforehand.
  • Contact List: Maintain a list of emergency contacts, including your veterinarian, local animal shelters, and pet-friendly hotels or shelters. Share this information with family members, neighbors, and friends who may be involved in your pet’s care during an emergency.
  • Medical Information: Keep records of your pets’ medical history, vaccinations, and any special needs they may have. This information can be crucial in case your pets require veterinary care during an emergency.
  • Communication Plan: Establish a communication plan with family members or neighbors to ensure everyone knows how to coordinate and share information about the well-being and whereabouts of your pets.
  • Training: Train your pets to respond to basic commands, making it easier to manage them in stressful situations. This can be particularly important during evacuations or when interacting with emergency responders.
  • Secure Your Home: Take steps to pet-proof your home and secure it against potential hazards. This includes having a plan for containing pets in a safe area if necessary.

Remember to review and update your pet emergency plan regularly, especially if there are changes in your living situation, family composition, or the health of your pets. Being well-prepared ensures that you can act quickly and effectively to protect your pets in any emergency.

For further guidance, reach out to local authorities, veterinarians, animal shelters, or animal control offices to ensure the best care for your pets during emergencies.

by humanesociety.org

BUILDING AN EMERGENCY KIT

Just as you do with your family’s emergency supply kit, think first about the basics for survival, such as food and water. Have two kits, one larger kit if you are sheltering in place and one lightweight version for if you need to evacuate. Review your kits regularly to ensure that their contents, especially foods and medicines, are fresh.

Here are some items you may want to include in an emergency kit for your pet:

  • Food. Keep several days’ supply of food in an airtight, waterproof container.
  • Water. Store a water bowl and several days’ supply of water.
  • Medicine. Well labelled. Keep an extra supply of the medicine your pet takes regularly in a waterproof container.
  • Keep all their medical records in one place with this kit.
  • First aid kit. Talk to your veterinarian about what is most appropriate for your pet’s emergency medical needs.
  • Collar with ID tag and a harness or leash. Include a backup leash, collar, and ID tag. Have copies of your pet’s registration information and other relevant documents in a waterproof container and available electronically.
  • Traveling bag, crate, or sturdy carrier, ideally one for each pet. Have a plan on who grabs what in an emergency.
  • Grooming items. Pet shampoo, conditioner, and other items, in case your pet needs some cleaning up. Dry shampoos are great for this.
  • Sanitation needs. Include pet litter and a litter box (if appropriate), newspapers, paper towels, plastic trash bags, and household chlorine bleach to provide for your pet’s sanitation needs.
  • A picture of you and your pet together. If you become separated from your pet during an emergency, a picture of you and your pet together will help you document ownership and allow others to assist you in identifying your pet. You can also add a detailed description of your pet.
  • Important numbers. Your veterinarian’s number. If your family does not live in your town, have numbers for someone who can immediately go to your home and check on them or take them. You can even provide them with a letter of authorization and or a key to your home.
  • Familiar items. Put their favourite toys, treats, or bedding in your kit. Familiar items can help reduce stress for your pet. You can also include items that smell like you.

STAYING INFORMED AND OTHER TIPS

Stay informed about potential hazards in your area, including weather-related risks or other events that might impact your pets. Keep abreast of local emergency plans and regulations regarding pets.

  • Emergency card. You can buy or make such cards to keep in your wallet or your car. Even stickers. If you are in an accident or unconscious then this person can be contacted. Never list your address, but that you have animals at home to be taken care of and the contact person.
  • In case of a fire at home. Have a small notice board near entrances about people and pets in this home. Not where thieves can see it from outside, but if firemen enter this could help.
  • Provide exits for your pets like doggy doors. We prefer at least two.
  • Teach your pets to open certain doors.
  • Our pet sitter and one other person are listed with contact numbers on our vet accounts as having the authority to make decisions on our behalf. Inform your vet that this person can be contacted.
  • We opened a vet account at more than one veterinary practice in town, so if one is not available, you (or the pet sitter) do not need to do all the paperwork then.
  • Let your pet sitter have the family’s numbers and vice versa.
  • Leave an extra set of keys with a friend or neighbours.
  • NEVER LEAVE your pets alone when you are away for a holiday. Have someone check in at least once every 8-12 hours.
  • Save money in advance for pet emergencies.
  • Contact SDS services and training academy for your pet first aid course!
pet

by The Paw Company

DO YOU HAVE A PLAN FOR YOUR PETS IF YOU SHOULD FALL ILL OR DIE?

Animal welfare organizations have seen first-hand the confusion as these animals arrive in shelters and have to try to cope in kennels. Often being split up or waiting long periods before being adopted or eventually just humanely killed because there are just not enough homes with this massive overpopulation crisis.

Including pets in your will is important to ensure their ongoing care and well-being after your passing. Pets are considered property in legal terms, and without specific provisions, there may be uncertainty about their fate.

  • Include your pets in your will and clearly state your wishes. Name one or two people you trust to make these decisions if necessary. Inform those that you name in your will to take care of your pets. Explicitly stating care instructions, including daily routines and veterinary preferences, guarantees their continued well-being. This also helps prevent disputes among family or friends and minimizes legal conflicts, providing a recognized framework for your pets’ future care. Planning for contingencies, such as naming alternate caregivers, accommodates life’s unpredictability.
  • Allocating financial resources in your will eases the burden on caregivers, covering veterinary, grooming, and daily expenses.
  • Consultation with legal professionals for proper documentation and communication with designated caregivers to ensure their willingness to take on the responsibility may be required. Talk to a company that specializes in estate planning for pets!

Doing this provides peace of mind and prevents potential surrender to shelters by providing a clear plan for your pets’ future homes. Including pets in your will expresses your love and responsibility as a pet owner.

In conclusion, having an emergency plan for your pets and including them in your will is a responsible and compassionate approach to pet ownership. These measures provide a comprehensive strategy for ensuring the safety and well-being of your beloved animals in times of crisis and beyond and you will not burden an already overwhelmed animal welfare system. By taking these steps, you not only protect your pets from potential harm but also demonstrate your enduring commitment to their happiness, health, and security, even when you’re no longer able to be their primary caretaker.

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER!

Source: The Bulletin

Introducing Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner: Advanced Cleaning for Your Feathered Friend

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Nature

Introducing Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner: Advanced Cleaning for Your Feathered Friend

As bird enthusiasts, we’re thrilled to introduce Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner, a cutting-edge solution designed to revolutionize the way you clean your pet bird’s cage. Let’s take a closer look at what sets our product apart:

1. Gentle, Yet Effective Ingredients:

Our cleaner is formulated with a carefully selected blend of natural ingredients, each chosen for its cleaning prowess and safety around birds:

  • White Vinegar: Known for its powerful cleaning properties, white vinegar helps dissolve dirt, grime, and mineral deposits without harming your bird or the cage materials.
  • Lemon Juice: Lemon juice adds a refreshing scent while providing natural antibacterial properties to help keep your bird’s environment clean and healthy.
  • Spearmint Essential Oil: Spearmint essential oil not only adds a pleasant fragrance but also contributes to the overall freshness of the bird’s cage.

2. Advanced Cleaning Action:

Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner goes beyond surface cleaning, penetrating into cracks and crevices to ensure a thorough clean. Its gentle yet effective formula removes stubborn residues while leaving behind a fresh, citrusy scent that both you and your bird will love.

3. Safety First:

We understand the importance of safety when it comes to products used around pets. That’s why our cleaner is free from harsh chemicals and artificial fragrances. You can feel confident knowing that you’re providing a clean and safe environment for your feathered friend. Our natural formula ensures that no harmful chemicals are introduced to your bird’s habitat, protecting your pet’s health and well-being.

4. Easy to Use:

Simply spray Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner onto the cage surfaces, allow it to do its work for a few moments, then wipe clean with a damp cloth or paper towel. It’s quick, easy, and hassle-free, so you can spend more time enjoying quality moments with your bird.

Conclusion:

Nature’s Nest Natural Cage Cleaner is more than just a cleaning product—it’s a testament to our commitment to providing innovative, safe solutions for bird owners. With its gentle yet effective formula and natural ingredients, it’s the perfect choice for keeping your pet bird’s cage clean, fresh, and welcoming. Say goodbye to harsh chemicals and hello to a naturally clean cage. Try it today and experience the difference for yourself!

Source: Nature’s Nest

Holiday safety for pets

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Holiday

Holiday safety for pets

It is fantastic if your pets go with you on holiday, but it is crucial to prepare well to keep them safe and stress-free!

The holiday season is a time for joy, celebration, and making cherished memories with our loved ones – including our four-legged companions. However, as we engage in various festive activities, it’s crucial to prioritize the safety of our pets. From travelling, camping and hiking to beach outings and boat rides, there are numerous potential hazards that pet owners should be aware of. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore tips and precautions to ensure the well-being of your furry friends during holiday adventures and everyday situations. Remember their safety is your duty!

PET ROAD TRIP TIPS

Help Your Dog Love Car Rides: Gradually introduce your pet to car rides to make them enjoyable. Experiment with feeding times and treats to find what works best for their comfort during travel.

Put Safety First: Use a properly sized crate or a crash-tested safety harness to secure your pet in the car. Avoid the front seat and never drive with your pet on your lap to prevent distractions, or accidents and injuries.

Plan Extra Time for Pit Stops: Schedule frequent breaks for bathroom breaks and leg stretches. Have cleanup supplies, leash, harness, and water on hand. Plan for meal times and choose pet-friendly stops for dining.

Pack for Your Pet: Bring essential items like poop bags, food bowls, water, medication, grooming kit, and familiar toys or blankets. Ensure your pet wears a collar with an ID tag, is microchipped and pack a pet first aid kit and a recent photo.

Expect the Unexpected: Road trips may bring unexpected challenges. Be flexible, keeping your pet’s well-being in mind. Consider anxiety-reducing flower essences for nervous pets, and have emergency vet numbers along your route.

Additional tips for travelling:

  • If you are crossing borders, make sure you have your pet’s vaccination record card.
  • Rubberised floor liners and waterproof seat covers is a good investment for those frequently travelling with pets.
  • Microchip your pet and make sure it is registered on multiple databases and in working order before you leave.
  • To reduce the risk of carsick, make sure their last meal is at least two hours before you travel.

By following these guidelines, you’ll not only make your road trip enjoyable for your pet but also ensure their safety and well-being throughout the adventure.

Holiday

Image by Dr. Karen Becker

CHOOSING THE RIGHT PET SITTER

Ensuring your dog receives proper care in your absence is crucial, and pet sitters can be an excellent option for this responsibility. Here are some tips to help you choose the perfect pet sitter:

Identify Your Needs: Determine the type of pet-sitting service required, such as daily visits, overnight stays, or home-based care. Consider the specific needs of your dog, whether they care for only dogs or various pets, and their experience with different animals.

Early Start to the Search: Initiate your search well in advance, especially during peak times like holidays. Popular pet sitters tend to get booked quickly, so starting early ensures availability.

Seek Trusted Referrals: Ask for recommendations from trustworthy sources, including friends, family, or your veterinarian. Hearing about others’ positive experiences can help you find a reliable pet sitter.

Conduct Interviews: Meet potential pet sitters in person to gauge their suitability. Arrange for a home visit to observe their interaction with your dog. During the interview, inquire about their experience, training, and emergency procedures.

Key Questions

  • Ask about their past experience and the types of pets they have cared for.
  • Inquire about any special training, such as animal behavior or pet first aid.
  • Discuss emergency procedures and plans for your dog’s care if they fall ill or can’t reach your home.
  • Clarify communication methods, including daily updates or photos via text.
  • Communication and Preparation: Clearly communicate your dog’s needs and routines to the pet sitter. Provide detailed instructions on feeding, medications, and emergency contacts, including your veterinarian’s information. Write it down as pet sitters might have multiple clients.
Holiday

Image by Dr. Karen Becker

Additional Tips

  • Always escape-proof your yard, especially when you are away on holiday and your animals are cared for by a pet sitter.
  • List your pet sitter with your veterinarian and provide a backup contact in case of unavailability.
  • Leave an extra set of keys with someone else.
  • Create a schedule outlining your dog’s routine, including meal times, playtime, walks, and bedtime.
  • Keep necessary supplies easily accessible, including extra food, treats, toys, a leash, and a carrier. Leave cleaning supplies in case of accidents.
  • Enhancing Comfort
    • Request the pet sitter to turn on lights and occasionally play the TV or radio for a homely atmosphere.
    • Leave a worn t-shirt near your pet’s bed to provide a familiar scent.
    • Ensure a pet-proofed home by securing dangerous items out of your dog’s reach.

Choosing a reliable and caring pet sitter, combined with effective communication, enhances your dog’s well-being during your absence.

HOT WEATHER SAFETY TIPS FOR PETS

Avoid Leaving Pets in Vehicles: Never leave your pet alone in a vehicle, as overheating can be fatal, even with cracked windows. The temperature inside a vehicle can rise rapidly.

Time Outdoor Activities: Schedule walks in the early morning or late evening when temperatures are cooler. Limit outdoor exercise on extremely hot days and keep it brief.

Protect Paw Pads: Test the pavement, ground, or road with the back of your hand. If it’s too hot for your hand, it’s too hot for their paws. Choose cooler surfaces or use protective booties.

Provide Shade and Water: Never leave pets in direct sunlight. Ensure they have access to shade and offer plenty of fresh water to stay hydrated.

Regulate Indoor Temperature: Use air conditioning, and fans, or provide access to cooler areas like basements or darker rooms with tile floors to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.

Special Considerations for Certain Breeds: Take extra precautions for old, overweight, or snub-nosed dogs, such as Boston terriers, Pekingese, Pugs, Lhasa Apsos, Shih Tzus, and Bulldogs. Monitor dogs with heart or lung diseases closely.

Recognize Signs of Heat Stroke: Be vigilant for signs such as panting, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, rapid pulse, bright red gums, and a blue tongue or lips.

Immediate Treatment for Heat Stroke: If you suspect heat stroke, move your pet to a cool place and lower their body temperature with cool (not icy) water. Contact your veterinarian promptly.

Avoid Ice Cubes: Ice cubes are not recommended due to safety factors. Opt for safer cooling methods to protect your pet in hot weather.

Holiday

Image by The Paw Company

CAMPING AND HIKING WITH PETS

Trail Preparedness: Choose trails suitable for your dog’s fitness level. Gradually acclimate them to longer hikes and varied terrains.

Safety Measures: Leash your dog to ensure control and avoid wildlife interactions. Use a well-fitted harness, and consider a reflective collar for visibility. Does your dog have a good recall and good leach manners?

Always keep your pet on a leash to prevent wandering into potentially dangerous areas. Ensure proper identification with updated contact information.

Make sure your pets are treated for internal and external parasites.

Hydration and Nutrition: Carry enough water for both you and your dog. Bring a collapsible bowl for convenient hydration breaks. Plan for a pre-hike meal and snacks for your furry friend.

Trail Etiquette: Respect trail rules and leash laws. Yield to other hikers, and be mindful of wildlife. Pack waste bags to clean up after your pet.

Appropriate Hiking Gear: Ensure your dog has an up-to-date ID tag or collar, even if microchipped. Don’t forget dog poop bags and a small first aid kit with essential emergency items.

Weather and Wildlife Considerations: Be mindful of the weather conditions, as extreme temperatures can affect your pet. Pack enough water, provide shade, and avoid hot surfaces like asphalt.

Research the area for potential wildlife encounters and take precautions to prevent conflicts. Keep your pet away from wild animals and plants that may be toxic.

Emergency Preparedness: Have emergency contact information, including a vet’s number, and consider an emergency dog sling for remote areas.

Embarking on a hiking and camping adventure with your dog can be a memorable experience when you prioritize their safety and well-being, and adhere to trail etiquette.

Holiday

Image by Dr. Karen Becker

BOAT SAFETY TIPS FOR PETS

Identification: Ensure your dog wears visible ID tags on their collar and consider a microchip. Include your mobile number on the tag for easy contact in case they run off or swim to shore.

Heat Awareness: Avoid taking your dog on the boat in excessively hot and humid weather. Prioritize their well-being by considering the temperature before setting sail.

Water and Shade: Provide access to shade and fresh water on the boat. Pack a dedicated water jug and dish for your dog. Limit time on the water if shade is unavailable.

Leash Usage: Keep your dog on a leash during boarding, while the boat is in motion, and when disembarking. This reduces the risk of running off, falling overboard, or getting hooked while fishing.

Pet-Friendly Sunscreen: Use dog-friendly sunscreen on your pet if needed, and consult your veterinarian for recommendations. Avoid using human sunscreen, as it can be toxic to dogs.

Holiday

Image by Dr. Karen Becker

Dog Life Jackets: Ensure your dog wears a properly fitted life jacket. Not all dogs are natural swimmers, and life jackets provide added safety. Avoid water with blue-green algae.

Potty Breaks: Bring pee pads or similar products for extended boat trips. Plan breaks to let your dog relieve themselves onshore if they’re not comfortable doing so on the boat.

Pet First Aid Kit: Pack a pet first aid kit with essentials in case of injuries or emergencies. Include toys for comfort and distraction.

Pay Attention: Monitor your dog’s behavior closely, especially during their first boat trip. Limit the initial outing to a short duration, keep them on a leash, and ensure they are enjoying the experience.

Emergency Plan: Develop an emergency plan in case your dog goes overboard. Assign one person to watch your dog at all times. Be prepared to assist them back on the boat or into the water, depending on their swimming ability.

Whether sailing for a day or an extended period, prioritizing your pet’s safety and comfort will ensure a positive and enjoyable boating experience for both of you.

ENSURING PET SAFETY AROUND POOLS

Remember that not all dogs are good swimmers!

Introducing Swimming: Every pet has a unique approach to swimming. Allow a gradual introduction, avoiding any forceful attempts. Build their confidence in the water through patient and slow-paced familiarization.

Structured Teaching: Take a step-by-step approach to teaching your pet to swim. Begin with shallow waters, progressing to deeper areas. For puppies, introduce them to water between 6 to 16 weeks to establish positive associations.

Supervised Sessions: Always supervise your pet during water activities, especially during the initial learning stages. Offer support under their midsection as they gain confidence and master the use of all four limbs in swimming.

Breed Considerations: Challenged Breeds: Breeds with unique physical characteristics, such as brachycephalic, top-heavy, short-legged, or small breeds, may face challenges in the water. Provide extra assistance and attentiveness.

Special Attention: Puppies, elderly dogs, and those prone to feeling chilled may need additional support during swimming sessions.

Water-Loving Breeds: Breeds with water-resistant coats and webbed feet, like Newfoundlands, standard poodles, Portuguese water dogs, and Labrador retrievers, often show a natural affinity for swimming.

With all outdoor activities, remember pet-safe sunscreen!

Ensuring a positive and enjoyable swimming experience for your pet involves patient introduction and vigilant supervision. These measures not only foster a love for water activities but also prioritize your pet’s safety.

Holiday

Image by pexels

BEACH AND LAKE SAFETY

Supervision: Always supervise your pet around natural water sources to prevent accidental drowning. Consider a life vest for added safety, especially in unfamiliar environments.

Water Quality: Be aware of potential hazards in lakes, such as algae or bacteria. Ensure your pet is up-to-date on vaccinations and take preventive measures for waterborne illnesses.

Swimming Safety: Introduce your pet to water gradually, use flotation devices if needed, and never force them into the water. Be mindful that not all dogs are natural swimmers.

Water Intoxication: Monitor your pet’s water intake, especially during energetic water play, to prevent water intoxication.

Salt Water: Discourage your pet from drinking seawater, as excessive saltwater ingestion can lead to dehydration and salt poisoning.

Seaweed: Keep your pet away from large accumulations of seaweed, as some types can be toxic.

Sand Impaction: Discourage excessive digging and monitor playtime to prevent sand impaction.

Hot Surfaces: Protect your pet’s paws from hot surfaces by providing shade or using protective booties.

Picnic Foods & Foreign Bodies: Be cautious with lakeside picnics, keeping harmful foods and foreign objects out of reach.

Fishing Hooks: Keep pets away from fishing gear to prevent injuries from discarded hooks.

Sun Protection: Apply pet-safe sunblock to exposed areas, especially for pets with light-colored fur or short coats.

Heat and Dehydration: Prevent heat-related issues by providing shade, and fresh water, and avoiding strenuous activities during the hottest parts of the day.

Prioritizing water safety in diverse environments ensures a positive and secure experience for your pet during water activities.

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND LONG-TERM CARE FOR YOUR PETS

Responsible pet ownership involves preparing for the unexpected. Create an emergency plan with your pet’s medical history and care instructions. Designate a trusted person to care for them in case you’re unable to. Additionally, include your pets in your will, specifying a guardian for their long-term care. Regularly update this information, but specifically before you go on holiday, to ensure your pets continue to receive the love and attention they deserve, even during challenging times.

As you embark on holiday adventures with your beloved pets, prioritizing their safety should be at the forefront of your plans. Whether camping, hiking, enjoying the beach, or traveling, implementing these precautions ensures that both you and your furry companions can create lasting memories while staying safe and secure. By being vigilant and proactive, pet owners can guarantee a joyful and hazard-free holiday season for everyone in the family, including the four-legged members. Enjoy the holiday and be safe!

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER!

Source: The bulletin

SGS identifies growing need for pet product safety as pet ownership rises

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pet

SGS identifies growing need for pet product safety as pet ownership rises

Pet ownership is on the increase. It is estimated over half of the world now has a domesticated animal living at home and, in some countries, the change is profound. For example, regulatory changes, falling birth rates and growing affluence led to a 113% increase in China between 2014 and 2019.[i]Our love affair with pets is clear, but a growing demand for them has also created a market for pet products. How can consumers be sure the products they buy are safe?

Market growth

With more people now owning pets, a thriving market for pet products has been created. Looking at the US as an example, figures from the American Pet Products Association show expenditure on pet products is increasing. In 2018, total expenditure was USD 90.5 billion, rising to USD 147 billion in 2023 and with a projected figure of USD 150.6 billion for 2024. As you might expect, the pets most commonly own are dogs (65.1 million) and cats (46.5 million).

Pet expenditure breaks down as:

  • Food and treats – USD 64.4 billion
  • Supplies, live animals and over the counter (OTC) medicine – USD 32 billion
  • Vet care and product sales – USD 38.3 billion
  • Other services (boarding, grooming, training, etc.) – USD 12.6 billion[ii]

A contributing factor to this expenditure growth is who owns these pets. Millennials (born 1981-1996) own the most pets (33%), and this is a generation associated with a lower birth rate. Looking at the data, in many developed countries, this trend is set to continue, and fewer children means more opportunities for money to be spent on pets.

Why do we have pets?

A common theory is that a pet is a replacement for a child.[iii] Generations that choose not to have children, or at least delay when they will have children, find that owning a pet turns a house into a home.

At the same time, there are also a range of therapeutic, physiological, psychological and psychosocial benefits to pet ownership, including:

  • Lowering blood pressure
  • Reducing the risk of heart attacks
  • Increasing physical activity
  • Increasing sensory stimulation
  • Emotional support
  • Physical and psychological wellbeing[iv]

One piece of research has even suggested pet ownership has led to a USD 11.7 billion reduction in healthcare costs in the US.[v]

We give a lot to our pets, but we also get a lot from them. It is, therefore, not surprising that when consumers look to buy products for their pets, they want to be sure they are safe.

Risk to our pets

Substandard pet products pose a real threat to our pets, and these risks can be significant. For example, a dog in the US had to have its tongue amputated after it became stuck in a toy ball and, in Germany, dog leashes were removed from sale after they were found to contain an excessive level of chromium.[vi] The level did not comply with EU REACH requirements and could cause allergic reactions.

The risk is also not always to the pet. In one case, a dog leash was recalled after it was found to have metal components that could cut the owner’s hands and, in the UK, a laser pen for cats was recalled after it was found it could potentially damage children’s eyes.[vii]

Just as there are many different types of pet and pet products, there are also many different potential hazards. Chew toys may contain harmful levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, etc.) or be made from toxic materials (latex, rubber, vinyl, etc.). Soft toys could be made from cotton that is not fully digestible or contain a squeaker that, if exposed, might become a choking hazard. Pet foods might contain Salmonella, beds can be flammable, clothing zippers could snag the animal’s skin and feeding bowls might cut the animal or migrate harmful chemicals.[viii]

Protecting our pets

The key to protection is ensuring products are safe, high-quality and conform to relevant standards. Depending on the product, testing could be for chemicals, function, physical safety, flammability, strength and durability, stability and/or dynamic and static loading.

There are virtually no federal or state laws in the US pertaining to pet products. Although they are defined as consumer goods, the US Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) has made it clear it does not have the resources to regulate pet products unless a person is injured. However, children’s products, especially in relation to phthalates and lead levels, are regulated under the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. This act does not specifically mention pet toys but, since toys for pets are often used by children, it may be advisable for manufacturers to comply with these requirements.[ix]

Suppliers operating in the European Union (EU) should ensure their products comply with local market requirements as no Community-wide directive exists. In the main, EU requirements for pet products pertain to labeling requirements and the legal responsibility of manufacturers for allegedly defective products.[x]

China does enforce some standards that could impact pet products:

  • Dog chews – GB/T 23185-2008
  • Cleaning and conditioning shampoo for pets – QB/T 4524-2013
  • Dog clothes – FZ/T 81013-2016
  • Storage boxes – QB/T 5777-2022
  • Pet products – GB/T 43839)
  • Food containers, bowls, etc. – GB 4806 series

SGS solution

SGS offers a comprehensive range of testing and certification services to help brands and manufacturers ensure the products they offer onto the market are safe and conform to relevant standards.

Solutions include:

  • Physical and mechanical testing for use and abuse, bite and pull, compression and bending, dynamic/static load and stability, durability and sharp edges
  • Textile testing for azo dyes, colorfastness, fiber content, pH value/odor, zipper, dimensional stability and tensile, seam, tear and bursting strength
  • Chemical testing for heavy metals, Prop 65, phthalates, EU REACH & POP, BPA and formaldehyde in wooden products
  • Flammability testing to 16 CFR 1500.44 and EN 71-2
  • Microbiological testing for antimicrobial effectiveness, anti-acarus, anti-mold, microbiological indicators and disinfection reagent effectiveness

In addition, SGS can conduct label reviews, packaging tests and client-specific testing.

Pet products certified as compliant with agreed standards can carry the SGS Performance Tested mark. This lists the standards against which the product is verified and includes a QR code that gives buyers access to the ProCert database so that they can verify performance claims.

Partnering with SGS helps manufacturers and retailers ensure their pet products conform to relevant standards. It increases brand trust and, through the SGS Performance Tested mark, enhances transparency in competitive markets.

Dennis Lancion,Technical Manager, Hardlines – Connectivity & Products, SGS

Source: SGS

Why We Track Species? Saving Mozambique’s last dugongs

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dugongs

The team tags a dugong in the Bazaruto Archipelago

Why We Track Species? Saving Mozambique’s last dugongs

African Parks and the government of Mozambique are taking steps to conserve the last-known viable population of dugongs on Africa’s east coast. However, a deeper local understanding of the elusive lives of these marine mammals is necessary if a strategic and informed conservation approach is to be rolled out in the Bazaruto Archipelago seascape. Lorena Matos, Assistant Research and Monitoring Coordinator for African Parks, explains the project. 

Since 2017, aerial surveys have confirmed that just a few hundred dugongs remain along the Inhambane coastline, which includes the 1,430km² and five islands that make up Mozambique’s Bazaruto Archipelago National Park.

With such low numbers, losing any individuals could devastate the population’s future survival. After leading efforts to have this subpopulation listed as critically endangered on the IUCN red list in 2022 and identifying key risks to the species, Bazaruto’s research team is now focused on the next phase in preventing the disappearance of Africa’s dugongs.

To do this, African Parks and the Mozambican government launched Africa’s first-ever dugong satellite tagging project. Coupled with aerial survey data, the detailed information from satellite tagging will generate a better understanding of individual dugong movements and habitat use. It will inform our approach to conservation, community development and future management of the protected area.

Most importantly, for this to have long-term success, partnerships with government and communities and the upskilling of local researchers and technical support are required to protect this incredible animal – both on Africa’s east coast and around the world.

Conserving dugongs

As signatories to the High Ambition Coalition, Mozambique’s government has committed to protecting 10% –12% of its marine and terrestrial areas by 2030 (in efforts to walk towards the Global Biodiversity Framework’s 30×30 goal – a worldwide initiative for governments to designate 30% of Earth’s land and ocean area as protected areas by 2030). Efforts to protect the dugong in Bazaruto are a key part of this strategy.

Dugong conservation efforts are strongest in geographic areas where there is already community awareness and support.

This type of large-scale marine conservation requires a solution that benefits all who depend on the seascape, protects Mozambique’s marine and terrestrial biodiversity, and supports the needs of local communities.

dugongs

The team work very carefully to ensure dugongs are gently handled during the tagging operation

Tagging dugongs allows the gathering of data that plays a crucial role in developing a workable conservation strategy.

After receiving initial technical training from Dr Christophe Cleguer – an Australian dugong tagging expert and senior research officer at James Cook University, Bazaruto’s research and monitoring coordinator, Evan Trotzuk, invited the university to help deliver the first-ever tagging operation for Bazaruto. With their support, six of the park’s locally employed staff were trained to capture, tag, and sample dugong.

Threats to dugongs and community buy-in

Dugongs play a vital role in supporting marine biodiversity. As they graze seagrass, these solitary creatures improve the health and resilience of important underwater habitats, supporting many other fish, turtle, mollusc and crustacean species. Along with strengthening ecosystems, a healthier ocean benefits the local fishing trade, providing economic opportunities and increased food security for thousands of coastal communities.

In turn, improving fishing practices can help protect sensitive marine habitats. Illegal gill nets represent the biggest threat to the species – indiscriminately entangling and drowning dugongs.  Seine nets also threaten dugongs as they destroy seagrass meadows and, when left unattended, can entangle and drown the mammals. The Bazaruto Archipelago National Park management team has been working with local fishing communities to reduce the use of gill nets and improve the management of seine netting.

Despite some misconceptions amongst local anglers about marine conservation efforts and regulations, these efforts are beginning to pay off. Having seen the value of protecting aquatic life for healthy ecosystems, fish stocks, and tourism (island communities receive 16% of the revenue earned in the national park), local anglers are beginning to avoid using gill nets. In recent meetings to raise awareness ahead of the dugong tagging initiative, communities were enthusiastic and in favour of the project.

Conservation data

The dugong range extends from the east coast of Africa to the Pacific islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu, with significant numbers occurring in Northern Australia and throughout the Arabian Gulf. However, the status of dugongs has yet to be discovered in about 50% of its range. Since dugong movements are predominantly individualistic, at least 10% of a dugong population count must be tagged to gain reliable data and to obtain the big picture of habitat use to identify movement corridors.

During the tagging operation, which took three weeks, 11 dugongs (seven males and four females) were successfully tagged. These specially designed satellite transmitters are attached to the dugong’s tails. These are designed to corrode and break off over six months naturally (and also easily break off if the animal becomes entangled).

dugongs

The satellite transmitter tag is attached to the dugong’s tail. These are designed to corrode and break off over six months

The data received so far has been extremely valuable. While some individuals are relatively sedentary, some have moved further north, and others have moved south, out of the Bazaruto MPA.

The area in the north towards Mozambique’s Save River is mainly focused on further protection measures as it has previously been noted as a dugong hotspot. Discussions between African Parks and the Mozambican government are exploring extending conservation management activities further north of Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, where active ranger patrols can be carried out to mitigate illegal fishing practices. The data from the tags will go a long way in determining the extent of the area that needs to be included in the MPA.

The journey to safeguard the last-surviving dugongs on Africa’s east coast is fraught with challenges, yet we can make significant progress thanks to initiatives like the satellite tagging project. However, long-term success hinges on sustained collaboration with local communities and the Mozambican government. By nurturing local expertise and prioritising community engagement, a resilient conservation framework can be created that protects the dugongs of the Bazaruto Archipelago. These initiatives will also safeguard the broader marine biodiversity that dugongs support and bring greater prosperity and stability to the communities that depend on this unique marine environment.

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A dugong swims along the ocean floor in the Bazaruto Archipelago

Source: African Parks

Protect Your Dog’s Paws from Hot Surfaces in Summer

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Paws

Protect Your Dog’s Paws from Hot Surfaces in Summer

Many owners like taking their dogs on walks, but many of them forget about one important detail: hot surfaces can burn a dog’s paws.

It can be tempting to take your dog everywhere you go, but it can cause serious harm to your dog if you are not careful. Remember that if it feels way too hot for you to leave your hands comfortably on the ground for at least 10 seconds, it can result in severe burns on your dog’s paw pads, especially if you have a new puppy with tender young paws.

Your dog’s paws have footpads that can usually handle whatever a stroll or walk in nature throws at them. But a lot of human-made surfaces can burn your pooch’s paws, including concrete, metal, pavement, sidewalks and asphalt.

Symptoms of burned paws may include:

  • Limping or avoiding walking
  • Licking or chewing feet
  • Paw pads are darker in colour than usual
  • Pads are visibly damaged
  • Blisters or redness

If you suspect your dog has burned paw pads you should:

  • Flush the foot with cold water or use a cold compress
  • Try not to let your dog lick the injured pad
  • Take your dog to the vet as soon as you possible because burns can become infected.

Depending on the severity of the burn, your dog might need antibiotics or pain medication.

Tips to keep your dog or puppy from getting burned this summer:
These tips will help your dog stay safe and uninjured this summer from the dangers of hot surfaces.

Walk your dog in cool temperatures
The best time to walk your dog is in the morning or late evening, when the pavement is cool. Avoid walking your dog in the afternoon when the sun is high in the sky or early evening, because the pavement will be hot.

Walk your dog on the grass
If you end up taking your dog out during the warmer times of the day, be sure to stay on the grass and stick to shady areas. To avoid burning, stay away from sidewalks or any paved areas.

Moisturise your dog’s paws
Minor injuries such as cuts, cracking, or peeling of the paws can make your dog’s paws more susceptible to burns and other serious problems. Moisturising your dog’s feet with a veterinary approved product for your dog on a daily basis, will help prevent these injuries.

Paw wax
Paw wax is designed to protect your dog’s feet from hot surfaces and potentially harmful chemicals like road salts and can easily be smeared onto your dog’s paw pads to protect them from harmful surfaces.

Dog shoes
Not only do these booties look cute, but they are also one of the best ways to protect your dog’s paws from heat and potential injuries. If your dog will wear them, be sure to buy shoes that have rubber soles to offer the best protection. Be aware that not all dogs can get used to dog shoes, and some might have a hard time walking in them. There will definitely be an adjustment period for your dog with dog shoes. If you can get your dog used to using them, nothing else offers better protection. Disposable dog booties are also a great short-term fix for the summer heat. Dog booties can provide good protection from the heat, and are a great temporary solution if you need to take your dog out on a hot day and your dog is willing to wear them.

Peel and stick paw pads
Another solution to minimising heat damage to your dog’s paws in summer are peel and stick paw pads. They are easy to put on and they can be cut to the perfect size for paws and can be reused.

Check their paws regularly
Check your dog’s paw pads daily for any signs of damage and wash his paws frequently. If you do happen to see a problem, or if your dog is acting strangely on his feet, take your dog to your nearest vet for medical assistance.

Source: Cape of Good Hope SPCA 

Pet Emergencies – What can I do?

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Pet

Pet Emergencies – What can I do?

The following advice is not meant to replace the role of the veterinarian. However, for animals, we as the owners are generally the first responders to our pets in need. Being prepared for such unforeseen emergencies, will help ease your stress and hopefully help save your pets life.

The aim is to stabilise the pet, relieve pain if possible and provide safe transportation until you reach your vet.

Always remember, the safety of humans takes priority. You cannot help your pet if you put yourself or others in danger.

Stay Safe
Asses the environment and avoid danger or remove possibilities of further injuries.
Eg. if the animal is in the road, get it onto the side of the road immediately.

Animals in pain can be dangerous, even your own dog may want to bite due to being in shock and/or pain. If necessary, restrain the pet with a muzzle, towel or blanket (warm jacket etc) to prevent you being bitten or scratched.

If possible, transport a cat in a box to the vet.

Pet

During Car Accidents – Where you are able to assist
Remove the animal to the side of the road to a shady area, it may require you to drag them if they are large and unable to walk.

Check them to see if they are conscious and breathing (rise and fall of the chest, holding a hand or tissue in front of the nose). Check the eyes & pupils – If the eyes are open and staring with a dilated pupil, the animal will need CPR (IF NO obvious severe evisceration etc is seen).

Perform CPR if no sign of breathing – Remember ABC :  A – Airway /  B – Breathing / C- Circulation (Heart beat)

How to perform CPR in your pet.

Pet

A – Airway;
Ensure the airway is clear, remove any vomit, fluid, foreign body and pull the tongue forward.

B- Breathing;
Perform Nose-to-mouth breathing: Nose-to-mouth resuscitation is administered by first pulling the tongue forward so the tip is just through the teeth and closing the mouth.  Place your hands around the closed mouth sealing it as best you can.  Extend the neck to make a straight line from the nose to the tail and breathe into the animal’s nose.  Small dogs or cats need smaller breaths than large dogs.  After five breaths, re-assess the animal by feeling for a heartbeat and breathing.  If the animal still has a heartbeat but is not breathing, continue with resuscitation at 12 breaths a minute for small dogs and cats and 20 breaths for large dogs.  If the animal doesn’t have a heartbeat, start performing chest compressions

C- Circulation;
Check for a heart beat – Lay the dog on their right side, push the front elbow back to the chest. The spot where the elbow touches the chest is called the inter-costal space and marks where the heart is located. If you don’t see any movement in this area, place your hand over the same location and feel for a heartbeat. If no heartbeat, then start compressions.

Put both hands on the chest with straight arms, and perform cardiac compressions. For the number of compressions, the beat of “staying alive” from the Beegies is ideal.

Lay your hand over the heart (at the inter-costal space) and press firmly enough to compress the chest about one-third to one-half its usual depth. You should aim for 10 – 12 compressions over a five-second span. Repeat these steps at a one breath to 10 – 12 compressions ratio. Because you will be doing more than 100 compressions per minute, a new person should take over compressions after two minutes.

In very large dogs, if a third person is available, also compress the abdomen in large breeds. (If you’re gently compress the front part of the belly or squeeze the dog’s abdomen. Performing these chest compressions can help circulate blood back to the heart. However, it’s most important to focus on the rescue breathing and compressions. Abdominal compressions should be a secondary focus).

In deep chested dogs (eg Bull Dog, Boxer, Boerboel) perform compressions with the dog lying on its back instead of on its side.

Assess the dog
Check periodically to see if the dog has started breathing again – about every two minutes. If not, continue with the artificial respirations until help arrives or you are able to continue CPR while someone drives everyone to the vet.

Recovery Position
If the animal is breathing but still unconscious, lay it on its side with the head and neck slightly extended.  Fold a blanket or towels and place it under the shoulder but not the neck so that the chest is above the head.  This prevents fluids from the mouth going into the lungs.  Keep the pet warm with blankets and transport it as soon as possible to the veterinarian.

Wounds and Bleeding
Approach wounds as you would for a person. Wounds can be anything from a cut, punctures, scrapes or abrasions, to burn wounds.

If excessive bleeding – apply pressure above the wound (between the heart and the wound), cover the wound with a clean cloth or gauze swabs, and bandage until you can reach the vet. Do not remove the initial layers, (this may remove the clot that is forming and cause more bleeding).

Wounds with debri – gently trim excess hair around wound, rinse with running water / saline or flush with a syringe, apply silbecor / anti-septic cream, cover and bandage until you can reach the vet. Paw wounds can be soaked.

Penetration wounds – DO NOT remove any sticks / sharp objects penetrating the chest or abdomen – this may exacerbate internal problems. If necessary, apply dressings around the foreign objects and stabilize the pet and get to the vet as soon as possible.

Grazes and abrasions can be dealt with by trimming the fur around the area, cleaning with water or saline and apply a dressing making sure that it won’t stick to the wound.   

Shock
Knowing your animal is important to distinguish what is not “normal” and gauging how they are doing in a case of emergency.

What is shock? Shock is the body’s way of protecting itself. Recognizing symptoms of shock may save your animals life. There are different reasons for a shocked state, e.g blood loss, being septic due to severe infection, anaphylaxis, extreme pain to name a few obvious examples.

Symptoms will include: weakness (an animal is unable to stand/walk), pale gums (pale pink to white, or bright red to even purple), short shallow breaths, cold legs and paws or having seizures.

Examples that can lead to shock; Car accidents, falling off a height, severe infection (pyometra) or disease (diabetes), weather extremities, seizures, severe bleeding from wounds, burn wounds, knife stab wounds, gun shot wounds (including pellet guns), ruptured stomach ulcers, toxin ingestion for example.

In most cases, manage severe bleeding, keep the animal warm (wrap in a blanket) and try to keep them quiet, continue to talk calmy and gently to them and stroke them softly if they’ll allow. Do not offer food or water, alert the vet you are on the way and transport the animal there immediately.

Poisoning
Obvious signs of poisoning include drooling, vomiting, severe diarrhoea, twitching, tiredness, difficulty breathing and convulsions / seizures, collapsed pet.

Identify the toxin if possible and call your vet for immediate advice, have the following information at hand:

  • How much does your pet weigh?
  • What is the name of the toxin?
  • If the toxin is a medicine:
    • What is the strength?
    • What is the generic name?
    • Is it a special formulation (e.g., extended release)?
  • What is the active ingredient of the toxin?
  • How much do you think your pet ingested?
  • How much could your pet have ingested? (worst-case scenario)
  • How long ago (or what general time frame) did your pet ingest the toxin?
  • Is your pet showing any signs/symptoms?
  • If so, how long have you noticed the signs/symptoms?
  • How old is your pet?
  • Does your pet have any underlying health issues?
  • Is your pet currently on any medications?

It is vital to keep the pet quiet and warm and only act on the vet’s instructions as this will differ depending on the substance that was swallowed.

In the event that an animal has consumed something toxic, and you are aware of this in time, to get them to vomit (inducing emesis) before most of the absorption can take place is the best option. The golden window is within the first 30 minutes of ingestion, but even then, we can only hope for a maximum of 60% of the content to be expelled.

3% hydrogen peroxide has been recommended to use at home in the past, but the latest information has confirmed complications with oesophageal lesions and stomach ulceration, which is why it should be best avoided.

Emesis induction is contraindicated in patients that are symptomatic, have airway disease, have an altered mentation, have already been vomiting, or have ingested a corrosive/caustic agent.

Most common poisonings are due to garden chemicals, rat and snail bait, chocolate, paint or human medications in the home, consuming batteries.

At home remedy: You can attempt to get your dog to vomit by giving it a bolus of a “golf ball size” of non-exothermic washing powder (if you wet the washing power and hold it in your hand, and it does not become warm it is safe to use). If they do not vomit within 5 min, get them to the vet immediately.

Most poisonings will still require veterinary treatment as mentioned we can at best hope for only 40-60% of the toxin being expelled, but if you can prevent the major source of absorption, this can help reduce the long term effects.

If you are not sure if a product is toxic, you can always call your emergency vet for advice.
The American Animal Poisoning Control website and app can be helpful to refer to as well.

Choking
Choking is one of the most stressful emergencies one will experience. This occurs when an object blocks air from interring and leaving the lungs. The foreign object may even be lodged in the oesophagus. Physiological choking may occur due to laryngeal paralysis, anaphylaxis or heat stroke.

Symptoms include a very distressed animal, pawing at the mouth, severe respiratory distress (forceful breathing attempts), blue tongue or gums, gasping / choking sounds, excessive salivation and bulging, large eyes.

If the animal is in extreme distress, and no obvious foreign body can be identified, stay calm and bring that animal to vet as soon as possible.

Alternatively, one can try to remove the object from a choking dog’s windpipe, if it is conscious, open the mouth by grasping the upper jaw with one hand and the lower jaw with the other, tilting the head back slightly.  Pull the tongue to the side and remove the object if possible.  If this isn’t possible, stand behind the dog, put your arms under their belly just in front of the rear limbs and lift their hind legs high off the ground like a wheelbarrow.  Gently shake to see if the object will fall out.  This procedure can be repeated up to 4 times. If the foreign object cannot be dislodged or it is dangerous for you to attempt removing it, contact the vet for advice immediately.

Pet

Cats should be restrained in a towel first. Their mouth can be opened by gently pulling the head upwards and slightly back by placing the thumb and finger on either side of the jaw and the palm across the head. Use the other hand to lower the bottom jaw and remove the object.

See this video and image of the Heimlich manoeuvre in a pet.

Convulsions / Seizures / Fits
Seizures can be a symptom of a problem or a medical condition in your dog. If your dog shows this for the first time, a veterinarian must always be consulted. Causes for these can be due to poisoning, illness, infections and epilepsy.

What does a seizure look like? The animal will become distressed and restless. The first signs usually will be that of excessive drooling, lip smacking, moving into champing jaws / jaw clattering, staring eyes, urination, defecation, collapse, falling over and paddling.

IF you see this, do not approach the animal or try to “remove the tongue from the mouth”. Stay calm and start timing the seizure. Move objects away that may fall on the animal or hurt the animal, and tone done lights and noise (eg. the radio playing).

IF the seizure continues for longer than 5min, roll the animal on a towel or blanket and with the help of someone if it is a large dog, place into the car and take to the vet.

If the seizure is short acting, wait calmly until it is over, contact your vet and take it in for examination. Seizures generally only last for a few seconds, it will always feel longer. Convulsions or ‘fits’ can be quite traumatizing for a pet owner to witness.

Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is when the body’s core temperature rises above normal and due certain factors, they are not able to cool down. This starts a series of events in the body that may lead to complete organ failure and death. This is a very serious condition.

Common causes are from animals exercising in the heat of the day. From a pet being left in a car or area with no shade or ventilation. Brachycephalic dogs and cats are even more predisposed to this due to their restricted airways.

Symptoms are an animal panting excessively with increased breathing noises (from the throat), vomiting, drooling, distress, loss of coordination, collapse and acute death. The animal will also feel very warm by touch.

Should you suspect your pet maybe suffering from heat stroke, remove the animal from the hot environment, start cooling them down with cool to luke warm water. Place a fan on them or drive with the aircon on / windows open. Ice packs covered in a wet towel can be placed between the legs front (auxilla) and back (inguinal).

Transport the animal to the vet as soon as possible.

NEVER immerse the pet or use ice cold water over the body. It will only trap the core temperature due to vasoconstriction and make the heat stroke worse.

Once the pet is comfortable again offer cool water but only in small amounts.  Too much water taken in quickly may cause vomiting.

Bites and Stings
Although knowing what caused the bite or sting is helpful to the veterinarian, never put yourself at risk to try to kill or locate it.

Bee Stings
One of the most common stings that we see. Most bee stings are fortunately not a lethal problem, but may cause allergies.  Most will be stung around the mouth & face, sometimes paw. They can develop fascial swelling, urticaria (lumps and bumps everywhere) and worse case scenario, develop anaphylaxis.

In minor reactions, see if you can find the sting and remove with a sharp knife / bank card by scraping against the angle of sting. Do not struggle with fingers as it will “pump” more venom into the animal.

A cold compress can be applied to the area swelling up, and animal should be taken to the vet.

In the unfortunate event that the animals have been attacked by a swarm of bees, get them to the vet immediately. This is a very serious matter.

Scorpion Stings
Scorpion stings are extremely painful and maybe lethal. Symptoms will range from vocalizing due to unrelenting pain, excessive drooling, tremors, weakness, ataxia, collapse, paralysis and even death.

Anti-venom must be administered and generally the treatment of choice is an induced coma to manage the pain.

Snake Bites
As for snake bites, the treatment of choice is anti-venom administered by your emergency veterinarian.

Stay safe, remove the animal away from the culprit snake if possible and remain calm. Call your emergency vet while on the way. If possible, take a picture / identify the snake.

In South Africa we have 3 types of snake venom – Anti-coagulant (Boom slang), Neurotoxic (eg. Cobra’s) and Cytotoxic ( eg. Puff adder). Boom slang anti-venom must be obtained specifically and fortunately, for the rest we have multi-venom anti-venom vials available in South Africa.

Spider bites
Spider bites are mostly cytotoxic and can cause severe necrotic wounds.

What you can do on the way to vet with in these situations;

Stay calm, and if possible, identify the poisonous animal – take a picture with your phone.

In the case of limbs, initial treatment is to apply a pressure immobilisation bandage. This is done using a crepe or conforming bandage (or panty hose if a bandage is not available) over the bitten area and around the limb. Apply it firmly but not so tight that it stops the blood flow. Bandage down to the paw and then up as far as possible on the limb. A splint can be applied using a rolled-up newspaper or piece of wood with a second bandage. Do not remove the bandages, keep the animal as quiet as possible and transport him to the vet immediately.

Near Drowning
In the event that an animal is found in the pool – Immediately remove the animal, hang upside down to allow for excess fluid to drain from the lungs, neck and mouth.

If non-responsive, check for heart beat and breathing.
If a heartbeat is present start to perform CPR, with the heart beat only perform breathing until animal become responsive. Take to the vet as soon as possible.

Please note whether you have a salt or chlorine pool.

If no heart beat present, full on CPR is required.

CPR on dogs

First Aid for Pets – How to prepare for the unexpected

Source: TEARS Animal Rescue

How to avoid heat stress or overheating your dogs

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How to avoid heat stress or overheating your dogs

Dogs cool themselves in hot temperatures by panting and drinking cool water. A dog cannot sweat through their skin like humans do. Their sweat glands are located on the pads of their paws. So instead, they pant to circulate cool air through their bodies and cool their internal temperatures. Drinking cool, fresh water helps to do this – and if there’s no access to water, they can quickly overheat, resulting in permanent brain damage and even death.

Whilst all animals are at risk from heat stress, those with dark, heavy coats and dogs with short noses such as Pugs, Pekinese and Boxers are most susceptible to heat.

Here is what you can do to help your pets on hot summer days:

  1. Ensure your pet always has access to fresh, clean water. Refill their bowls regularly, especially after play sessions or walks.
  2. Hot temperatures can cause heat exhaustion or heatstroke in pets. Limit exercise on particularly hot days and opt for early morning or evening walks when it’s cooler. Hot pavement/asphalt can burn your pet’s paws. Follow the seven-second rule: “Hold the back of your hand on the pavement for seven seconds and if it’s too hot for you, it’ll be too hot for your dog.” Provide Indoor Play: On extremely hot days, engage your pet in indoor activities like puzzle toys, hide-and-seek, or training exercises to keep them mentally stimulated without physical exertion.
  3. Ensure your pet has a shaded area to retreat to when outdoors. This could be under a tree, a canopy, or even a pet-friendly sunshade.
  4. Never Leave Pets in Cars: Even with the windows cracked, cars can quickly become ovens in the summer heat. A parked car, on a hot, summery day of 27 degrees Celsius, even with windows left slightly open “for air” can reach an internal temperature of almost 50 degrees Celsius – in just ten minutes! Never leave your pet unattended in a vehicle.

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Symptoms of heat stress include:

  • Intense, rapid panting
  • Wide eyes
  • Salivating, staggering, weak and dark red gums and tongue
  • Respiratory distress or hyperventilation
  • Advanced heat stroke victims will collapse and become unconscious.
  • Depression
  • Weakness
  • Dizziness
  • Vomiting – sometimes with blood
  • Diarrhea
  • Shock
  • Coma

Should your pet show any signs of these symptoms, please immediately take him/her to the nearest veterinarian.

Source: Cape of Good Hope SPCA