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Why Is My Cat Shaking and Shivering?

Why Is My Cat Shaking and Shivering?

Image: Pixabay

As a pet parent, you’ve most likely witnessed a ton of odd behaviours from your cat. But if you’ve noticed your cat shaking and shivering recently, it may have caused you to ask, “Why is my cat shaking?” There are many different reasons a cat may shiver or shake, but regardless of the cause, it can be alarming to see your cat in physical distress. Let’s break down some causes of cat shivering and shaking so that you can best take care of your feline friend.

Cat Shivering Causes
Cats of all ages and breeds may shiver from time to time. Humans normally shiver when they’re cold, but according to the Merck Veterinary Manual, shivering is not always a sign of a cold body temperature in cats. If you and your cat have just come from outside where the temperatures are cooler, then there’s a good chance that your cat is shivering because they’re cold. However, your cat may be shaking for a few other reasons.

Fear
Fear is a common cause of shivering in cats. Cats enjoy stability, and generally speaking, when their routine is altered, it makes them anxious. Shivering during a veterinary visit or a car ride is fairly common in cats. An anxious kitty may also try to hide and assume a curled up posture very low to the ground with a tucked tail. Make sure to use caution when approaching a cat who’s giving off these body signals; if a cat hisses and pins back its ears, it’s best to give them some space.

Pain
Why is my cat shaking? Pain is another very common cause of shivering in cats, according to Pet Health Network. Despite their reputation of being somewhat spoiled and dainty animals, cats usually don’t show signs of pain until the pain is quite severe. Identifying your cat’s source of pain is not something to attempt at home, both because a painful kitty is likely to lash out at you in attempts to defend themself, but also because isolating the source takes expert veterinary training. Although the average pet parent won’t be able to accurately interpret that pain, if your cat begins open mouth breathing, appears reluctant to move or has a broken limb or large wound, it is essential to seek immediate veterinary care — even if that means an emergency visit.

In addition to these causes of shivering, the list of reasons a cat may shiver or tremble is seemingly endless. Anything that can make a cat feel ill can theoretically cause a cat to shiver or tremble. On any given day, you may wonder, “Why is my cat shaking?” If your intuition tells you something is off, trust your gut and consult with your veterinarian.

Clinical Signs of Cat Shivering: When to See a Vet
Cats have evolved to hide their signs of injury or sickness in order to stay out of their predators’ paths, which can make it challenging to determine when your cat needs to see a vet. If you notice any of these clinical signs in combination with the shaking, seek veterinary care:

  • Change in appetite
  • Urinating inappropriately or straining
  • Stinky breath or excessive salivation
  • Increased or decreased weight
  • Increased or decreased activity level
  • Increased or decreased water and food intake
  • Change in grooming patterns
  • Change in sleeping patterns
  • Change in attitude
  • Hiding more (beyond hiding when exposed to a new environment)
  • Vocalisation changes
Why Is My Cat Shaking and Shivering?

Image: Pixabay

Normal shivering and mild shaking are not the same as violent shaking. Shaking uncontrollably, loss of muscle control, loss of bowel and/or bladder control, excessive drooling and a loss of awareness of surroundings all indicate that there is a neurological cause, such as a seizure. This warrants emergency veterinary intervention.

Why Is My Cat Shaking: Diagnosis and Treatment:
The diagnosis for a cat who is shivering or shaking differs based on the physical exam and what diagnostic tests are warranted given the cat’s condition. A basic blood cell count, a biochemistry panel and a urine analysis are starting points for diagnosing a shivering cat and may identify clues. The Merck Veterinary Manual explains that elevated calcium levels in the bloodstream can cause cats to shiver and can be linked to renal disease, adrenal gland disease, parathyroid disease, dietary causes or chewing on poisonous household plants. As you can imagine from this list, your vet will have to do unique tests to isolate the cause when it isn’t obvious. Depending on the diagnosis, each will require unique treatment methods.

Most causes of shaking and shivering in cats do not indicate a life-threatening problem, but it can be a signal that something is amiss. Although the prognoses of internal cat conditions may vary, fear/anxiety and mild pain are two of the most common causes for why a cat shakes, and they can usually resolve entirely when the fearful or painful event passes. If you’re concerned about your cat’s shaking, be sure to visit your local vet to find the best course of treatment.

Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition

Rabbit owners should know this

Image: Pexels

Rabbit owners should know this

RABBITS ARE NOT EVERYONE’S KIND OF PET AND HERE IS WHY

While rabbits can make wonderful and charming pets for the right individuals, several factors contribute to the idea that having rabbits as pets may not be advised for everyone. It’s important to note that each pet and species has specific needs and considerations, and what might not be suitable for one person could be a perfect fit for another. Before we dig in, I have to mention that we do not support the keeping of exotic animals as pets or keeping animals in cages.

REASONS WHY HAVING RABBITS AS PETS MIGHT NOT BE ADVISED FOR EVERYONE

  • Complex Care Requirements: Rabbits have unique care needs that can be more complex than some other small pets. They require specific diets, housing, and socialization to ensure their well-being. Without proper care, rabbits can develop health issues that might be challenging to manage. Their sleeping patterns differ from humans and they can be very busy at night.
  • Diet: Their dietary requirements are not so straight forward and many do not understand this. One example about their diet which most owners don’t know is that carrots are to rabbits like sweets are to a child.
  • Social Nature: Rabbits are social animals that thrive on companionship. Keeping a single rabbit can lead to loneliness and behavioural problems. Having a pair of rabbits is often recommended, but this also requires careful introductions and monitoring.
  • Destructive Behaviour: Rabbits are natural chewers, and they can cause damage to furniture, cords, and other items if not provided with appropriate toys and outlets for their chewing behaviour.
  • Gentle Handling: Rabbits are prey animals and can be easily frightened. They require gentle and patient handling to build trust and prevent stress. Rabbits have fragile skeletons and a powerful kick and this means they can easily break their backs even with a kick, especially if not held correctly. See proper handling tips below.
  • Health Concerns: Rabbits are prone to various health issues, such as dental problems, digestive disorders, and respiratory infections. Regular veterinary care and attention are crucial to keep them healthy. They do not vocalize discomfort as much as a chinchilla or a dog. They can be in severe pain and busy dying and will still be absolutely silent.
  • Allergies and Sensitivities: Some people may have allergies to bunnies or their bedding. In most cases it is a hay-allergy, but there is no way around it as hay is a must-have for bunnies. It’s important to consider potential allergies within the household.
  • Long Lifespan: Rabbits have a relatively long lifespan, often around 8 to 12 years or even longer. This commitment should be carefully considered before bringing a rabbit into your home.
  • Educational Requirements: Many people are not fully aware of the specific needs and behaviours of rabbits. Proper education and research are essential to ensure you’re equipped to care for them adequately.
  • Lack of Veterinary Specialists: Finding a veterinarian with experience in rabbit care can be challenging in some areas, potentially leading to inadequate medical care. The protocols (pre & post) with sterilization are different from other pets. Most antibiotics can kill them, so you need a qualified and experienced exotic pet vet.

Image: Pexels

RABBIT ENCLOSURES
When it comes to housing needs, rabbits need ample space to move around and exercise. Free roaming is always best. It also wouldn’t work to have the bunnies in a smaller space for the night “to sleep”, because bunnies are actually very busy at night and don’t have the same sleeping pattern as us humans. A small hutch or cage is not sufficient for their well-being. Providing a safe and spacious environment can be demanding, especially for apartment dwellers or those with limited space.

Minimum requirements: Solid non-wire flooring. The enclosure must be at least 4-6 times the size of the rabbit when they are entirely stretched out and more if confined to this space most of the day. At least 0.7m² of enclosure space combined with at least 2.2m² of exercise space, for 1-2 rabbits. The smallest space should be big enough for the rabbit to hop across three times and stand without their ears touching the top. This should only be the space to keep them temporarily, they need way more space to thrive! The above is literally the absolute bare minimum size.

RABBIT STERILIZATION
Did you know that rabbits can have a litter almost every month? Hundreds of rabbits are surrendered daily because there are just not enough homes. We often hear “My bunny is a single bunny, so I’m not going to sterilize them”, but it is about more than just having babies! There are many benefits to sterilizing your rabbit (by Critter rescue):

Health benefits

  • Longer life.
  • Decreased risk of urinary tract infections.
  • Decreased risk of cancer. Unspayed females are at very high risk of two potentially fatal conditions: Uterine cancer and pyometra (infection of the uterus/womb). Unneutered males occasionally develop cancer in their testes and prostate gland. Although the risk is small, castration removes that risk completely.

 Social benefits

  • With the absence of all those raging hormones, it is much easier to bond your bunny with a friend.
  • Fewer fights occur (especially between males).
  • Females (although it is still possible for them to experience a false pregnancy) no longer have to go through the emotional stress of trying to build a nest.
  • Territorial behavior calms down.

 Habitual benefits

  • Easier to litterbox train.
  • Destructive behavior decreases, but remember, bunnies are mischievous beings with or without those hormones.

When should I sterilize my bunny?

Sterilization should ideally occur as soon as the bunny has reached his or her sexual maturity.

  • Male: between 3-5 months of age.
  • Female: between 4-6 months of age.

Disclaimer: There are valid reasons as to why your bunny isn’t sterilized, valid medical reasons. The time of neutering until the time of infertility in males can be a few weeks, so take extra precautions during this time. Please always consult with your exotic pet vet.

Please sterilize your rabbits and other pets because we have a massive overpopulation crisis!

TIPS ON HANDLING RABBITS

NEVER PICK THEM UP BY the ears, scruff, tail, or legs. It would be extremely stressful, will hurt, and is highly likely to injure them badly!

Rabbit handling – Image shared via The Paw Company

START EARLY
Get your rabbits used to human touch by socializing them early. Rabbits who aren’t handled regularly from a young age, or roughly handled at any age, may find human contact distressing.

BE GENTLE
Move slowly and talk quietly around rabbits so as not to startle them. They’re more likely to be relaxed in a quiet and calm handling environment.

PICK UP FROM THE GROUND
Picking rabbits up when you’re close to ground level is less likely to scare them, and is also safer as it helps prevent them being dropped by accident from a height. We advise all interactions to take place on ground level when possible.

ALWAYS SUPERVISE CHILDREN
Supervise children at all times, and only adults or responsible older children should be allowed to pick up rabbits.

BE SAFE
Safety is paramount when handling rabbits as their fragile spines can be seriously, or even fatally damaged if they feel insecure or struggle when held.

  • Hold rabbits gently, but firmly and ensure one hand supports their back and hindquarters at all times.
  • Help them feel secure by holding all four feet against your body.
  • Avoid placing rabbits on slippery surfaces. Placing a towel down can help make rabbits feel more secure.
  • Some sources suggest covering the eyes without covering the nares (nostrils), but talk to your bunny experts before you do this as not all will advise this.

PLEASE DON’T DUMP DOMESTIC BUNNIES IN THE WILD!
You won’t believe how many people are so cruel and foolish! You should never release a captive animal into the wild! They will not be able to care for themselves and you will sign their death warrant when you dump a domesticated bunny in a park, veld, or open environment like a plot or farm. Rather safely surrender them to your nearest SPCA, the NSPCA wildlife unit, your nearest reputable rescue organization, or a nearby wildlife rehabilitation center.

Domestic vs Wild/Feral Bunnies (by Critter Rescue)

Wild/feral rabbits adapted to their environment and know how to look for food and shelter and how to avoid predators. They have a natural instinct that developed from birth to survive in those environments. They adapt well to cold, hot, and wet weather.  

Domestic bunnies on the other hand, need (and wait for you to bring them) fresh foods and a balanced pellet diet with unlimited hay. They need you to groom them regularly and take them to a vet for parasite control and dental checks. Domestic bunnies also don’t adapt well to hot, cold, and wet weather and when released will die of heatstroke or get sick from wet and cold weather.

They don’t know how to properly identify predators as they are used to staying with you and in most cases were exposed to dogs, cats, and birds. Now they run around in an unknown area looking for food and shelter and suddenly they find themselves being ripped apart. If they are lucky enough the shock will kill them instantly but most aren’t. When they suffer from shock they freeze and that is when they get eaten alive. They can feel everything but can’t go anywhere.  

Your domestic bunny will fall pregnant, have her babies, and then have to sit and watch while they are being eaten and there is nothing she can do about it. She feeds her young at dusk and leaves the nest to keep predators away but they will still find their way to the nest and when she returns at dawn to feed again, she will find them gone or dead.

These are just some of the things that can go wrong with domestic bunnies after being released in the wild.  

REMEMBER!

  • If you see neglected rabbits (or any animal) please REPORT it to your local SPCA or the NSPCA.
  • Check your local BYLAWS on whether you need a PERMIT for keeping certain animals in your province as well as a possible travel permit when you move them.
  • If you’re concerned about your rabbit’s behaviour, seek veterinary advice from an exotic vet that specializes in rabbits, to rule out any form of illness or injury that could be causing problems.

STILL WANT TO TAKE CARE OF A RABBIT? 
Then please do your homework and do not buy one on impulse. Rabbits are social species and prefer to live in groups. If you decide to own a rabbit, always have at least 2 rabbits, but please understand behaviour and bonding before you just get another rabbit. However, if you don’t have the room or time or money to keep two rabbits you will need to become your rabbit’s companion.

Always ADOPT, DON’T SHOP because it is the only ethical option. Contact Critter Rescue SA for free care sheets and items for rabbits or to adopt. Another great rabbit resource is The House Rabbit Society.

We do not support keeping rabbits as pets and especially not as starter pets for kids, contrary to popular belief. They are often impulse buys, bought at markets and pet shops. Their care is not as straightforward as some other animals and handling them wrong can be fatal! If you do decide to get any one of these species, then you need to do proper research to meet all their needs and commit to their whole life!

Your bunny didn’t ask to be here and didn’t get a choice in the matter, you forced them to live with you. Your bunny didn’t know that you will lose interest and keep him or her locked up in a small cage until one day you decide to get rid of them. There lives are short compared to humans so give them the life a sentient being deserves!

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER!

Source: The Bulletin

Here’s how you can spoil your pet this festive season

spoil

Here’s how you can spoil your pet this festive season

Treats and spoils tend to be a staple during this time of year and often we include our pets, as who can resist those adoring eyes as they look to you for their treat? As humans it’s natural for us to want to show our love by offering food treats, and most of the time we aren’t aware of the risks our pets can face when we treat with unhealthy tidbits.

Marycke Ackhurst from Hill’s Pet Nutrition says something to keep in mind this year when spoiling your pet, is that unfortunately pet obesity has increased over the last 15 years with more than 50% of pets being overweight, making it the number one health risk pets face.

Sadly, 90% of pet parents don’t recognise that their pets are overweight. Research highlights that overweight pets:  

  • have shorter lives 
  • are at higher risk of debilitating diseases like arthritis, bladder, skin problems, heart disease, diabetes and even cancer 
  • and very importantly, are less happy than lean ones…

“We have all heard or said, “chubby is cute”, “he’s just big boned”, “ah, but how can I resist those eyes,” “it’s just puppy fat,” “but he’s so happy…”, as we just don’t want to believe that our dog or cat is overweight. It is for this reason that we are encouraging pet parents to take their pet to the vet to have their weight checked” says Ackhurst. 

If you are looking at ways to spoil your pets this holiday season, Ackhurst shares some ideas for ways to show love and affection:

  • Treat them to a pampering grooming session
  • Get them looking holiday ready with a pet bandana
  • Bake them some special healthy Hill’s holiday treats  
  • Make sure they have a present to unwrap under the tree
  • Curl up on the couch together and watch a Christmas movie, such as the latest Netflix release of the Bad Guys A Very Bad Holiday that sees Mr Wolf and his crew of animal outlaws having to restore the city’s Christmas spirit. Or the Christmas classic How the Grinch Stole Christmas as the Grinch is on a quest to steal Christmas and Max is his reluctant companion.

spoil

For the past 20 years Hill’s Pet Nutrition has been highlighting the serious threat of pet obesity and how the right food can help. Hill’s has found specific nutrients and ingredients that shift the metabolic profile of obese pets to the more efficient, “fat burning” profile of lean pets. This is the technology that makes  Hill’s Prescription Diet Metabolic more powerful than a traditional weight-loss food that relies on calorie restriction or reduced portion sizes. This food works by kick-starting a pet’s natural ability to burn fat, which means more effective weight loss than with a simple calorie restricted food.

To find out more about pet obesity, visit petslimmer.co.za

Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition

Avoiding high vet bills

vet

Avoiding high vet bills

Proactive strategies to cut down on veterinary costs

As a pet owner, it’s important to understand that all veterinary practices have unavoidable built-in costs, and when choosing a provider, the cost is just one of many variables you should consider.  When you’re creating your household budget, it makes sense to include pet health care expenses and emergency funds as well as to be as proactive as possible when it comes to preventing lifestyle-related diseases.

  • Consider pet insurance.
  • Safe a bit every month.
  • Get involved in animal welfare. Volunteer your time. This way you can build great relationships which can come in handy in an emergency.
  • Annual vet checks are crucial.
  • Be proactive.

This article is a reprint and was first published on 09/03/2022.

vet

TOP PROACTIVE STRATEGIES TO AVOID BIG VET BILLS.

  • Dental checks — if you see any plaque and tartar accumulating on your pet’s teeth start an at-home dental hygiene routine. Unaddressed oral issues are a common reason for super-expensive veterinary dental procedures so preventing them from occurring can save you thousands, over time.
  • Examine your pet’s ears — animal ear canals should be like yours, clean and dry. Remove accumulating debris or wax daily, or however often is needed to keep your pet’s ears in pristine condition.
  • Examine your pet’s eyes — remove accumulating debris as it forms with a damp cloth and keep the hair trimmed short around the eyes to avoid matting and secondary moist pyodermas (skin infections).
  • Lumps and bumps inventory — run your hands over your pet’s body weekly and keep an at-home body and skin chart. Note the date, location, and size of any new skin tags, warts, lumps, or bumps. Update your pet’s body chart as things change and if you see rapid changes, it’s time for a well-justified vet exam.
  • Monitor bowels daily — catching changes in your pet’s stools the minute they happen allows you to immediately address them with some home remedies from a veterinarian and dietary adjustments that oftentimes prevent a trip to the vet.
  • Monitor your pet’s weight at home — weigh yourself, then weigh yourself holding your animal. This gives you some idea if your pet is headed up or down the scale; certainly not exact, but you’ll get some idea about how you need to adjust the upcoming weeks’ calories. Maintaining your pet’s weight reduces the potential for a multitude of diseases.
  • Range of Motion check-in — your animal needs a lot of daily activity to maintain the resiliency of their muscle mass, ligaments, tendons and overall strength. If you find your animal is moving even slightly slower, is hesitant to climb stairs, or to join you on the couch, address this change immediately.
  • Proper grooming – do regular grooming, including keeping them clean (don’t wash too often), combing them regularly and keeping their nails trimmed.
  • Provide enrichment – exercise regularly and meet both your pet’s physical and emotional needs. Strive for at least 30 minutes of intense and interesting physical activity a day and play games which engage them mentally.
  • Observe body language – when you can spot the changes in their body language and behaviour, you can act immediately when something is off. With any behaviour changes, it is important to rule out health problems, by visiting your trusted veterinarian.
  • Have a home emergency kit – having the right tools to treat small injuries can prevent it from getting worse or from becoming infected later.
  • Supervision – when eating bones (not as food, only recreational), when swimming and playing with new or hazardous toys.
  • Keep them safe in your secure yard avoid potential injuries caused by other people, other animals, ingestion or being hit by a car when they escape out of the yard.
  • Keep health treatments up-to-date – vaccinations against dangerous illnesses, tick and flea treatments and regular deworming can prevent unnecessary and expensive trips to the vet.
  • Protection against extreme weather – follow out tips for pets in summer and winter.
  • Be aware of certain holiday hazardsHalloween, Christmas and New Year.
  • Spaying and neutering – Sterilizing your pets can help cut down on vet costs by preventing reproductive and other health issues, reducing the risk of roaming and fighting injuries, and preventing unplanned litters or pregnancy complications. These procedures not only save money on potential veterinary treatments for reproductive issues and injuries but also contribute to overall pet health and welfare, making them a worthwhile investment for both pet owners and society as a whole.

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IN ADDITION (Dr. Karen Becker)

Apart from tracking weekly changes in your pet’s health, investigating and thoroughly understanding any current health issues is critical to your effective alignment with your loved ones’ prescribed protocols.

  • Assessing water and air quality — are the chemicals being filtered out of the tap or well water my pet drinks?
  • How many chemically off-gassing fabrics, upholstery, furniture and carpet is my pet exposed to, and am I offering a means of detoxification?
  • Are there chemical endocrine disrupters routinely present in the home? Food stored in plastic bags? Does my pet chew plastic toys? Room sprays, plug-ins, or heavily scented candles often used?
  • Does my animal have exposure to lawn chemicals or household extermination chemicals that can negatively affect their health?
  • Do I know where the ingredients in my pet’s food come from and do I feel confident my animal is getting all the nutrition they need to thrive with what I’m currently feeding? What percentage of my animal’s diet is ultra-processed versus unprocessed, real, fresh food? How many times were the ingredients in the food my animal is eating heated? (Each time nutrients are heated AGEs form, which contributes to many chronic disease processes).
  • Flea and tick pesticides are expensive and have potential side effects; have I assessed my animal’s unique exposure risks for my location.
  • Am I checking vital organ function annually to assure myself my animal is as healthy on the inside as they appear to be on the outside? The only way to address disease is to identify it as soon as possible, proactive bloodwork is critical to the wellness process.
  • Don’t follow home remedies from unqualified individuals on the internet.
  • For emergencies, learn pet CPR and how to help a choking animal. Have an emergency poison treatment pack as part of your first aid kit.

If there are health concerns or sudden changes, always consult your Vet! After receiving a diagnosis, the goal is to co-create a viable treatment or quality of life plan you feel confident and comfortable executing at home.

Remember neglect and not providing medical care, when necessary, can be considered animal cruelty! They are your responsibility!

All of this revolves around you having an adequate knowledge base about what’s going on in your animal’s body to make good choices, and that only happens by educating yourself.

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER!

Did you know this about your pets and their needs?

pets

Did you know this about your pets and their needs?

Some interesting and important tips to improve the lives of your animals!

As pet owners, we are entrusted with the well-being of our furry companions. It’s crucial to remember that just because a product is sold in a pet store or recommended by a veterinarian doesn’t guarantee its safety or suitability for our pets. We are their advocates, and it’s our responsibility to do thorough research and consult trusted professionals to ensure their health and happiness. I cannot cover every single topic here today, but I have included some of my favourites which I have learned through the years and wish I had learned earlier.

How many of these do you know about? Every topic we touch on here can be found in more detail on THE PAW COMPANY’s page. You can just add the keywords in the search option on the page. 

Choosing the Right Fit

Before welcoming a pet into your home, it’s essential to do your homework. It is not just about how the dog looks and never should be. Consider factors like energy levels and compatibility with your family’s lifestyle to ensure a harmonious bond between you and your furry friend.

Adoption

Adoption stands as the most ethical choice when bringing a pet into your family. Opting for adoption helps combat the overwhelming overpopulation crisis facing animals worldwide, offering a loving home to those in need. It has many benefits and is inexpensive compared to buying a pet or even getting one for free.

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Choosing a veterinarian

Understanding that veterinarians are akin to general practitioners was an important realization for me. They are also not specialist in any particular organ like the heart, are not orthopedic specialists, or have expertise in every disease, including diseases like diabetes or cancer. 

While they can offer immediate assistance in emergencies, owners of exotic pets such as rabbits, birds, and reptiles should seek specialized care from veterinarians with expertise in these unique species to ensure tailored and effective treatment. Even when it comes to sterilizations they are not always equipped to deal with all animals.  Please do your homework about the vet you use and SA certainly needs more vets that act preventatively instead of just putting out fires.

Expecting too much from our pets

Expecting a dog to seamlessly integrate into our lives with a laundry list of expectations may be unrealistic. Dogs don’t inherently understand our world’s intricacies, and it’s our responsibility to gently teach them. Puppies, especially, require patience and consistent training to grasp our rules and routines. Frustration often arises when owners overlook the significant time and effort needed in the first months of a puppy’s life (or any animal’s life).

Despite the challenges, it’s essential to remember that animals don’t choose their circumstances and rely on us for guidance. Reflecting on their perspective can foster empathy and reinforce the importance of patience and understanding in building a strong bond with our furry companions. It is especially important when it comes to their mental health and understanding their emotions as sentient beings.

Enrichment Beyond Basics

Providing for your pets goes beyond the essentials of food, water, and affection. Enrichment activities and species-appropriate diets, tailored to their species-specific needs are vital for their mental and physical well-being.

Some dogs were bred to use their noses and some for agility and more. Understanding your pet’s breed or species is crucial when selecting appropriate toys and activities. Engaging in species-specific games and providing safe, suitable toys ensures a fulfilling playtime experience for your pet.

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Choosing toys

Many of the most popular toys at pet stores or even vet shops contain dyes, heavy metals, and chemical residues that are harmful to pets, and a safe label on the toys’ packaging cannot tell you that it’s completely harmless. Here are 3 things to remember when choosing toys to ensure your pet’s safety:

  • Look for appropriately sized toys that your pet can comfortably hold in their mouth, but not small enough for them to accidentally swallow.
  • Choose toys made out of 100% natural rubber, organic cotton, or other eco-friendly and contaminant-free materials.
  • Avoid toys with bright colours and chemical smells, as well as those are usually made from nylon or flavoured plastic.

Socialization and Companionship

Recognize the importance of socialization for your pet’s overall happiness. While some animals thrive in the company of others, some may prefer solo play or interaction with their human companions.

Socialization is NOT about animals playing with each other although it is an important skill.  It is about safe exposure to a wide variety of stimuli so they can learn to act calm and confident around many people, animals, and things and in many different situations.

Stay with mom until 8-12 weeks

We in animal welfare do not support breeding when there is a massive overpopulation crisis!  We don’t support the selling or giving away of animals for free and I have written extensively about it before.  However, a bad practice that has been rearing its head for a while now is these breeders (anyone who allowed their animals to have litters) who give these pups and kittens away around 3 to 6 weeks.

These pups/kittens learn valuable behavioural info from mom too. Other problems commonly found with removing these pups/kittens early include being unable to problem-solve calmly, low tolerance for frustration, poor social skills, poor impulse control, and sensitivity to touch and handling.

Rescues doesn’t have this luxury though because many times these babies are dumped or the mom dies. If you have a very young pup or kitten, plan on doing extra behaviour modification work to help them overcome their early social deprivation – lots of interaction with socially appropriate animals, conditioning to handling, redirecting their mouth to toys, and teaching them to bite only gently.

Training

If you don’t train them, don’t blame them. Remember that there are basically three sectors involved in dog training and behavior, what to look for and who to go to depending on your needs are with your dog.

  • Dog Trainer
  • Dog Behaviour Consultant / Behaviourist
  • Veterinary Behaviourist

Barking and other Natural Behaviour

Dogs bark. It is a natural behaviour and a way of communicating.  Yes, excessive barking is not good, but you need to find out why the dog is barking and address the underlying reason, whether it is boredom, fear, trying to get your attention, or something else.
Accepting natural behaviors in dogs and animals, like barking, humping, digging, and licking, is crucial for understanding their instincts and needs. Barking communicates various emotions, humping can be a form of energy release, digging satisfies natural urges, and licking serves as a form of affection and grooming for example. Recognizing and embracing these behaviors strengthens the bond between humans and animals.

Dog bite prevention

Dog bites are 100% preventable, but all we need are responsible pet guardians. If it is a dog bite in a public area, it usually includes an owner who didn’t secure their yard properly.  For that, we need more accountability, but when it comes to dog bites in your own yard or including your children then know this:  Dogs do not bite out of the blue, there were many calming signals and signs the dog gave you before they bite. This includes subtle signs like licking, yawning, whale eye, lifting a paw, and more.  Learn to read body language well to protect them, other animals and humans.

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NEVER PUNISH A GROWL – Growls are one way the dog communicates that they need help.  If you punish it, then they will skip the growl next time and go straight to a bite.

Safety and Comfort

Creating a safe space within your home where your pet feels secure is paramount. We will only remove ours from their safe space in case of an emergency. Prioritize their well-being by safeguarding them from potential dangers and providing a comfortable environment.

Letting them sleep inside is one way you can help protect them because they shouldn’t be used to protect you. Great if they can warn you, but you are responsible for protecting them from the dangers of this world, including securing your yard so that they can’t get injured or lost.

Nutritional Awareness

Here I will stop a little longer as very few people consider this topic! Food can do one of two things heal or harm.  You have to question the prevalent notion that processed kibble is the healthiest option for your pet. Consider exploring alternative diets (raw, gently cooked etc.) and consulting with professionals to ensure optimal nutrition for your furry friend. I always try to find pet food that are human grade with lower carbs as most pet food are feed grade, meaning that it is not fit for human consumption.

50 years ago veterinarians saw patients primarily for acute injuries and infectious diseases. These days, most patients they see are suffering from gastrointestinal (GI) problems, allergies and skin issues, musculoskeletal issues, and organ dysfunction. As someone who studied nutrition, I can’t help but question the role of the diet in this problem. The vet profession seem to be the the only medical professionals that says: “eat more processed food”, meaning kibble.

Search “can my dog eat this” on The Paw Company’s page to learn more about this topic.

Storage – Try to avoid using a plastic container to store kibble. However, if you already purchased the container, keep the food in its original bag and place that bag into the plastic container. This will help keep too much oxygen away from degrading the kibble. Do not buy in bulk as kibble after being opened loses nutritional value. Only buy what you can use in 30 days.

Food and water – Did you know that cats in nature do not eat where they drink due to possible contamination of their water source?  Therefore make sure the food and water are not next to each other.  In addition, you should have a water bowl and food bowl for each cat/dog as well as separate litterboxes for each cat. Even an extra one as some experts suggest.

If you drink filtered water because you are scared of the harms of tap water, why do you give tap water to your pets?

New food should be changed slowly at least over a week mixing in 25% of new food in old food, then 50%, 75%, and then only 100%.

Poop – Did you know their poop can tell you about their health!  We do regular poop patrols at home. Those who consume kibble have larger amounts of poop and they tend to be more stinky. This is likely due to the digestability of the food. When you go to the vet, give them some feedback on the latest poop or even consider taking a sample with.

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Choosing bowls

Every type of bowl can have its pros & cons!  It is your responsibility to do the research for your pet’s needs and health. Take into account the size of the pet, their mouth shape, length of ears, health, and even temperament. Choosing the right material for the bowl. Plastic, Ceramic, or Stainless steel are the 3 popular choices. Each has its pros and cons, but I prefer stainless steel bowls.

Here are some additional tips about bowls:

  • Try using a large flat bowl that gives plenty of room. This can also avoid whisker fatigue for cats and dogs.
  • Consider raising the bowl if your pet is elderly and/or has arthritis or has some digestive issues, as it may be more comfortable for your pets to eat that way.
  • Non-slip flooring so the bowl doesn’t move around. 
  • The area where the bowls are located, they should be shaded to not heat the water and away from contaminating environments. The pet should also not feel “trapped” when eating. 
  • Although eating is a social experience for humans, it should be a sole dining experience for your pets. Do not put bowls too close to each other.
  • Wash your pet’s bowls daily.  You don’t want to eat out of a dirty bowl every day, do you?
  • Don’t forget travel bowls.
  • If you are changing your pet’s food bowl, offer food in the old bowl and original location as well as use the new bowl in a slightly different location. This allows your pet to have a choice. You can then remove the old bowl once your pet starts using the new one.

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Choosing beds

When choosing a bed for your pets, consider their size, sleeping habits, and any special needs they may have. Opt for materials that are durable, easy to clean, and provide adequate support for their joints. Do clean their bedding regularly, at least as often as you change yours.

Microchip Registration

Your microchip only contains an ID number.  If you do not register your pet’s microchip on multiple databases, then the chip is useless as it can’t link anywhere with your details. The large search databases are also not required to share any data (we are working on that), so even if registered on one platform, it doesn’t mean it will come up on another platform.  Always keep the details updated and let the vet check if it is still working with your annual vet visits.

Exercise Needs

While walking is beneficial, it often falls short of meeting a dog’s exercise requirements. Most dogs need at least 20 minutes of heart-pumping exercise every day to maintain optimal health and vitality. That is however not the only exercise they need.

Toxic dangers in your home

Be mindful of the numerous household products that pose risks to your pet’s health. From cleaning chemicals, pesticides, gardening products, parfume, scented candles, to non-stick cookware, and more, take precautions to limit their exposure to potentially harmful substances.

Appropriate Gear Selection

When selecting harnesses and apparel for your pet, prioritize their comfort and mobility. Opt for harnesses that allow for natural shoulder blade movement, promoting unrestricted leg movement and overall well-being. I don’t use collars, only harnesses attached to their leash and always a Y-harness (in front) with lots of space over the shoulder blades.

Euthanasia and pet loss and the grief that accompanies it

Making that dreadful decision is not one I wish on anyone, but please do not let your pet suffer because of your feelings around it, and never leave them alone with basically a stranger in those last moments.  I will always do it rather too early than wait a day too long to ease their suffering. 

Loss is loss and grief is grief.  Do not let anyone diminish the loss you experience when you lose a beloved furry, finned, or scaled animal.   Do reach out to people who can help you with that grief and be kind to yourself. Remember that pets can grieve too!

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Pet emergency plan and your Will

Including your beloved pets in your will and having an emergency plan for them is of paramount importance for their well-being and security. Pets are cherished members of the family, and ensuring their care after your passing or in times of unforeseen circumstances is a responsibility every pet owner should prioritize. Designating a caregiver in your will, setting aside funds for their upkeep, and outlining their specific needs in an emergency plan provide peace of mind, safeguarding their future and ensuring they continue to receive the love and care they deserve.

Remember that any animal who becomes a nuisance to you was failed by a human.

As pet owners, we hold a profound responsibility to prioritize the welfare of our animal companions. Remember, they didn’t choose to live with us; we chose to bring them into our lives and it is our moral duty to help them cope in this human world.  Let’s ensure we fulfill this responsibility with compassion, knowledge, and dedication.

WHEN YOU KNOW BETTER, DO BETTER!

Source: The Bulletin

FOUR PAWS’ Summer Pet Care Tips

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FOUR PAWS’ Summer Pet Care Tips

Take a look at our essential tips to keep your pet happy, healthy, and protected over the summer

The South African summer heat is here and the warmer it gets the more important it becomes to prioritise your pet’s safety. Global animal welfare organisation FOUR PAWS offers useful tips to help pet owners avoid problems with their animals so they can enjoy the hot, sunny days together.

“Your pets have specific needs just like you, and there are a few basic things that one should always remember when dealing with pets.” says Fiona Miles, FOUR PAWS director South Africa.

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Take extra care of your dog in the heat as serious cardiovascular complications could lead to heatstroke. Dogs are at risk of sunburn at areas where they have no hair such as their nose and ears. Always ensure you have fresh drinking water available for your dog especially on outings and take regular breaks particularly if your dog is older. Strenuous activities with your dog such as jogging and cycling should be done during the cool of the morning or evening. Avoid hot stones and asphalt by doing the “seven-second test’’. Hold the back of your hand for seven seconds on the pavement. If you cannot hold out for the full seven seconds because the surface is too hot, then neither can your dog’s paws. Never leave your dog unattended in the car on a hot summer day. Dogs die in hot cars.

Cats will usually find a shady spot for themselves in the hot weather, so they may be in less danger than dogs but keep an eye on them. Make sure your cat always has access to fresh drinking water. Get rid of any uneaten food quickly as it will go off in the heat. Smaller mammals require constant access to fresh water in the heat. Ensure that animals in outdoor enclosures have shady places and objects they can slip under to avoid the summer sun. Pet birds must always be kept out of direct sunlight. Position aviaries away from extreme temperatures and draughts. Change their water regularly in their bathing tubs and drinking bottles daily to avoid build-up of bacteria because of the heat.

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Summertime is a fun time, but hot weather makes for some unique summer pet care challenges. Although wild animals are well adapted to the elements, companion animals can be just as vulnerable to extreme temperatures as their owners are. When the temperatures become extreme, pet safety should be pet owners’ top priority.

Source: FOUR PAWS

Pet Emergencies – What can I do?

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Pet Emergencies – What can I do?

The following advice is not meant to replace the role of the veterinarian. However, for animals, we as the owners are generally the first responders to our pets in need. Being prepared for such unforeseen emergencies, will help ease your stress and hopefully help save your pets life.

The aim is to stabilise the pet, relieve pain if possible and provide safe transportation until you reach your vet.

Always remember, the safety of humans takes priority. You cannot help your pet if you put yourself or others in danger.

Stay Safe
Asses the environment and avoid danger or remove possibilities of further injuries.
Eg. if the animal is in the road, get it onto the side of the road immediately.

Animals in pain can be dangerous, even your own dog may want to bite due to being in shock and/or pain. If necessary, restrain the pet with a muzzle, towel or blanket (warm jacket etc) to prevent you being bitten or scratched.

If possible, transport a cat in a box to the vet.

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During Car Accidents – Where you are able to assist
Remove the animal to the side of the road to a shady area, it may require you to drag them if they are large and unable to walk.

Check them to see if they are conscious and breathing (rise and fall of the chest, holding a hand or tissue in front of the nose). Check the eyes & pupils – If the eyes are open and staring with a dilated pupil, the animal will need CPR (IF NO obvious severe evisceration etc is seen).

Perform CPR if no sign of breathing – Remember ABC :  A – Airway /  B – Breathing / C- Circulation (Heart beat)

How to perform CPR in your pet.

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A – Airway;
Ensure the airway is clear, remove any vomit, fluid, foreign body and pull the tongue forward.

B- Breathing;
Perform Nose-to-mouth breathing: Nose-to-mouth resuscitation is administered by first pulling the tongue forward so the tip is just through the teeth and closing the mouth.  Place your hands around the closed mouth sealing it as best you can.  Extend the neck to make a straight line from the nose to the tail and breathe into the animal’s nose.  Small dogs or cats need smaller breaths than large dogs.  After five breaths, re-assess the animal by feeling for a heartbeat and breathing.  If the animal still has a heartbeat but is not breathing, continue with resuscitation at 12 breaths a minute for small dogs and cats and 20 breaths for large dogs.  If the animal doesn’t have a heartbeat, start performing chest compressions

C- Circulation;
Check for a heart beat – Lay the dog on their right side, push the front elbow back to the chest. The spot where the elbow touches the chest is called the inter-costal space and marks where the heart is located. If you don’t see any movement in this area, place your hand over the same location and feel for a heartbeat. If no heartbeat, then start compressions.

Put both hands on the chest with straight arms, and perform cardiac compressions. For the number of compressions, the beat of “staying alive” from the Beegies is ideal.

Lay your hand over the heart (at the inter-costal space) and press firmly enough to compress the chest about one-third to one-half its usual depth. You should aim for 10 – 12 compressions over a five-second span. Repeat these steps at a one breath to 10 – 12 compressions ratio. Because you will be doing more than 100 compressions per minute, a new person should take over compressions after two minutes.

In very large dogs, if a third person is available, also compress the abdomen in large breeds. (If you’re gently compress the front part of the belly or squeeze the dog’s abdomen. Performing these chest compressions can help circulate blood back to the heart. However, it’s most important to focus on the rescue breathing and compressions. Abdominal compressions should be a secondary focus).

In deep chested dogs (eg Bull Dog, Boxer, Boerboel) perform compressions with the dog lying on its back instead of on its side.

Assess the dog
Check periodically to see if the dog has started breathing again – about every two minutes. If not, continue with the artificial respirations until help arrives or you are able to continue CPR while someone drives everyone to the vet.

Recovery Position
If the animal is breathing but still unconscious, lay it on its side with the head and neck slightly extended.  Fold a blanket or towels and place it under the shoulder but not the neck so that the chest is above the head.  This prevents fluids from the mouth going into the lungs.  Keep the pet warm with blankets and transport it as soon as possible to the veterinarian.

Wounds and Bleeding
Approach wounds as you would for a person. Wounds can be anything from a cut, punctures, scrapes or abrasions, to burn wounds.

If excessive bleeding – apply pressure above the wound (between the heart and the wound), cover the wound with a clean cloth or gauze swabs, and bandage until you can reach the vet. Do not remove the initial layers, (this may remove the clot that is forming and cause more bleeding).

Wounds with debri – gently trim excess hair around wound, rinse with running water / saline or flush with a syringe, apply silbecor / anti-septic cream, cover and bandage until you can reach the vet. Paw wounds can be soaked.

Penetration wounds – DO NOT remove any sticks / sharp objects penetrating the chest or abdomen – this may exacerbate internal problems. If necessary, apply dressings around the foreign objects and stabilize the pet and get to the vet as soon as possible.

Grazes and abrasions can be dealt with by trimming the fur around the area, cleaning with water or saline and apply a dressing making sure that it won’t stick to the wound.   

Shock
Knowing your animal is important to distinguish what is not “normal” and gauging how they are doing in a case of emergency.

What is shock? Shock is the body’s way of protecting itself. Recognizing symptoms of shock may save your animals life. There are different reasons for a shocked state, e.g blood loss, being septic due to severe infection, anaphylaxis, extreme pain to name a few obvious examples.

Symptoms will include: weakness (an animal is unable to stand/walk), pale gums (pale pink to white, or bright red to even purple), short shallow breaths, cold legs and paws or having seizures.

Examples that can lead to shock; Car accidents, falling off a height, severe infection (pyometra) or disease (diabetes), weather extremities, seizures, severe bleeding from wounds, burn wounds, knife stab wounds, gun shot wounds (including pellet guns), ruptured stomach ulcers, toxin ingestion for example.

In most cases, manage severe bleeding, keep the animal warm (wrap in a blanket) and try to keep them quiet, continue to talk calmy and gently to them and stroke them softly if they’ll allow. Do not offer food or water, alert the vet you are on the way and transport the animal there immediately.

Poisoning
Obvious signs of poisoning include drooling, vomiting, severe diarrhoea, twitching, tiredness, difficulty breathing and convulsions / seizures, collapsed pet.

Identify the toxin if possible and call your vet for immediate advice, have the following information at hand:

  • How much does your pet weigh?
  • What is the name of the toxin?
  • If the toxin is a medicine:
    • What is the strength?
    • What is the generic name?
    • Is it a special formulation (e.g., extended release)?
  • What is the active ingredient of the toxin?
  • How much do you think your pet ingested?
  • How much could your pet have ingested? (worst-case scenario)
  • How long ago (or what general time frame) did your pet ingest the toxin?
  • Is your pet showing any signs/symptoms?
  • If so, how long have you noticed the signs/symptoms?
  • How old is your pet?
  • Does your pet have any underlying health issues?
  • Is your pet currently on any medications?

It is vital to keep the pet quiet and warm and only act on the vet’s instructions as this will differ depending on the substance that was swallowed.

In the event that an animal has consumed something toxic, and you are aware of this in time, to get them to vomit (inducing emesis) before most of the absorption can take place is the best option. The golden window is within the first 30 minutes of ingestion, but even then, we can only hope for a maximum of 60% of the content to be expelled.

3% hydrogen peroxide has been recommended to use at home in the past, but the latest information has confirmed complications with oesophageal lesions and stomach ulceration, which is why it should be best avoided.

Emesis induction is contraindicated in patients that are symptomatic, have airway disease, have an altered mentation, have already been vomiting, or have ingested a corrosive/caustic agent.

Most common poisonings are due to garden chemicals, rat and snail bait, chocolate, paint or human medications in the home, consuming batteries.

At home remedy: You can attempt to get your dog to vomit by giving it a bolus of a “golf ball size” of non-exothermic washing powder (if you wet the washing power and hold it in your hand, and it does not become warm it is safe to use). If they do not vomit within 5 min, get them to the vet immediately.

Most poisonings will still require veterinary treatment as mentioned we can at best hope for only 40-60% of the toxin being expelled, but if you can prevent the major source of absorption, this can help reduce the long term effects.

If you are not sure if a product is toxic, you can always call your emergency vet for advice.
The American Animal Poisoning Control website and app can be helpful to refer to as well.

Choking
Choking is one of the most stressful emergencies one will experience. This occurs when an object blocks air from interring and leaving the lungs. The foreign object may even be lodged in the oesophagus. Physiological choking may occur due to laryngeal paralysis, anaphylaxis or heat stroke.

Symptoms include a very distressed animal, pawing at the mouth, severe respiratory distress (forceful breathing attempts), blue tongue or gums, gasping / choking sounds, excessive salivation and bulging, large eyes.

If the animal is in extreme distress, and no obvious foreign body can be identified, stay calm and bring that animal to vet as soon as possible.

Alternatively, one can try to remove the object from a choking dog’s windpipe, if it is conscious, open the mouth by grasping the upper jaw with one hand and the lower jaw with the other, tilting the head back slightly.  Pull the tongue to the side and remove the object if possible.  If this isn’t possible, stand behind the dog, put your arms under their belly just in front of the rear limbs and lift their hind legs high off the ground like a wheelbarrow.  Gently shake to see if the object will fall out.  This procedure can be repeated up to 4 times. If the foreign object cannot be dislodged or it is dangerous for you to attempt removing it, contact the vet for advice immediately.

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Cats should be restrained in a towel first. Their mouth can be opened by gently pulling the head upwards and slightly back by placing the thumb and finger on either side of the jaw and the palm across the head. Use the other hand to lower the bottom jaw and remove the object.

See this video and image of the Heimlich manoeuvre in a pet.

Convulsions / Seizures / Fits
Seizures can be a symptom of a problem or a medical condition in your dog. If your dog shows this for the first time, a veterinarian must always be consulted. Causes for these can be due to poisoning, illness, infections and epilepsy.

What does a seizure look like? The animal will become distressed and restless. The first signs usually will be that of excessive drooling, lip smacking, moving into champing jaws / jaw clattering, staring eyes, urination, defecation, collapse, falling over and paddling.

IF you see this, do not approach the animal or try to “remove the tongue from the mouth”. Stay calm and start timing the seizure. Move objects away that may fall on the animal or hurt the animal, and tone done lights and noise (eg. the radio playing).

IF the seizure continues for longer than 5min, roll the animal on a towel or blanket and with the help of someone if it is a large dog, place into the car and take to the vet.

If the seizure is short acting, wait calmly until it is over, contact your vet and take it in for examination. Seizures generally only last for a few seconds, it will always feel longer. Convulsions or ‘fits’ can be quite traumatizing for a pet owner to witness.

Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is when the body’s core temperature rises above normal and due certain factors, they are not able to cool down. This starts a series of events in the body that may lead to complete organ failure and death. This is a very serious condition.

Common causes are from animals exercising in the heat of the day. From a pet being left in a car or area with no shade or ventilation. Brachycephalic dogs and cats are even more predisposed to this due to their restricted airways.

Symptoms are an animal panting excessively with increased breathing noises (from the throat), vomiting, drooling, distress, loss of coordination, collapse and acute death. The animal will also feel very warm by touch.

Should you suspect your pet maybe suffering from heat stroke, remove the animal from the hot environment, start cooling them down with cool to luke warm water. Place a fan on them or drive with the aircon on / windows open. Ice packs covered in a wet towel can be placed between the legs front (auxilla) and back (inguinal).

Transport the animal to the vet as soon as possible.

NEVER immerse the pet or use ice cold water over the body. It will only trap the core temperature due to vasoconstriction and make the heat stroke worse.

Once the pet is comfortable again offer cool water but only in small amounts.  Too much water taken in quickly may cause vomiting.

Bites and Stings
Although knowing what caused the bite or sting is helpful to the veterinarian, never put yourself at risk to try to kill or locate it.

Bee Stings
One of the most common stings that we see. Most bee stings are fortunately not a lethal problem, but may cause allergies.  Most will be stung around the mouth & face, sometimes paw. They can develop fascial swelling, urticaria (lumps and bumps everywhere) and worse case scenario, develop anaphylaxis.

In minor reactions, see if you can find the sting and remove with a sharp knife / bank card by scraping against the angle of sting. Do not struggle with fingers as it will “pump” more venom into the animal.

A cold compress can be applied to the area swelling up, and animal should be taken to the vet.

In the unfortunate event that the animals have been attacked by a swarm of bees, get them to the vet immediately. This is a very serious matter.

Scorpion Stings
Scorpion stings are extremely painful and maybe lethal. Symptoms will range from vocalizing due to unrelenting pain, excessive drooling, tremors, weakness, ataxia, collapse, paralysis and even death.

Anti-venom must be administered and generally the treatment of choice is an induced coma to manage the pain.

Snake Bites
As for snake bites, the treatment of choice is anti-venom administered by your emergency veterinarian.

Stay safe, remove the animal away from the culprit snake if possible and remain calm. Call your emergency vet while on the way. If possible, take a picture / identify the snake.

In South Africa we have 3 types of snake venom – Anti-coagulant (Boom slang), Neurotoxic (eg. Cobra’s) and Cytotoxic ( eg. Puff adder). Boom slang anti-venom must be obtained specifically and fortunately, for the rest we have multi-venom anti-venom vials available in South Africa.

Spider bites
Spider bites are mostly cytotoxic and can cause severe necrotic wounds.

What you can do on the way to vet with in these situations;

Stay calm, and if possible, identify the poisonous animal – take a picture with your phone.

In the case of limbs, initial treatment is to apply a pressure immobilisation bandage. This is done using a crepe or conforming bandage (or panty hose if a bandage is not available) over the bitten area and around the limb. Apply it firmly but not so tight that it stops the blood flow. Bandage down to the paw and then up as far as possible on the limb. A splint can be applied using a rolled-up newspaper or piece of wood with a second bandage. Do not remove the bandages, keep the animal as quiet as possible and transport him to the vet immediately.

Near Drowning
In the event that an animal is found in the pool – Immediately remove the animal, hang upside down to allow for excess fluid to drain from the lungs, neck and mouth.

If non-responsive, check for heart beat and breathing.
If a heartbeat is present start to perform CPR, with the heart beat only perform breathing until animal become responsive. Take to the vet as soon as possible.

Please note whether you have a salt or chlorine pool.

If no heart beat present, full on CPR is required.

CPR on dogs

First Aid for Pets – How to prepare for the unexpected

Source: TEARS Animal Rescue

How to Keep your Pets Safe During Global Firework Celebrations

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How to Keep your Pets Safe During Global Firework Celebrations

FOUR PAWS shares essential tips for pet owners ahead of Diwali and Guy Fawkes Day

Cape Town, 25 October 2024 – As Diwali on 31 October and Guy Fawkes Day on 5 November approach, global animal welfare organisation FOUR PAWS is urging pet owners to prepare for the impact of fireworks on their animals. Firework displays during these festivities are often accompanied by reckless behaviour, with individuals disregarding restrictions, causing property damage, and terrorising communities and animals alike.

“The fear of fireworks is a widespread issue among pets and poses a serious animal welfare concern. When fireworks explode, many animals panic, attempting to escape from the terrifying lights and noises, sometimes taking days to recover,” says Fiona Miles, Director of FOUR PAWS South Africa.

Fireworks are especially distressing for pets due to their heightened senses. Dogs’ hearing is up to four times more sensitive than humans, and cats are even more noise sensitive. The unpredictable flashes and explosive sounds of fireworks create confusion, with animals instinctively interpreting these stimuli as danger, prompting them to seek safety. The effect of fireworks on animals is comparable to the fear response triggered by thunderstorms, but with fireworks often occurring closer to the ground, the experience can be even more overwhelming. The acrid smells accompanying the display further exacerbate the stress experienced by pets.

In some cases, just one negative experience with fireworks is enough to instil a long-term fear response. Repeated exposure, particularly during periods of celebration such as Diwali, Guy Fawkes Day, or New Year’s Eve, can reinforce and intensify an animal’s adverse reactions over time. Research has shown that even young dogs are susceptible to developing noise phobias from fireworks.

FOUR PAWS offers the following preventative tips:

  • Socialise your pet: A well-socialised pet is better equipped to handle unfamiliar situations. Providing pets with positive experiences during their sensitive development phases (3-12 weeks for dogs, 2-7 weeks for cats) is key to reducing sensitivity to fireworks later in life.
  • Firework desensitization: Consider preparing your pet for firework season by playing recordings of fireworks at a low volume while offering rewards like treats and affection. Gradually increase the volume but monitor your pet closely and stop if any signs of stress are observed.
  • Create a safe space: Ensure your pet has a quiet, secure area where they can retreat during firework displays. Close windows and draw curtains to reduce noise and light exposure and provide comforting items like their favourite toys or blankets.

The fear of fireworks doesn’t only affect pets – it also impacts wild animals and livestock, causing immense stress, which in extreme cases can prove fatal. Many dogs run away in fear during firework displays, and some tragically suffer accidents as a result. Addressing these fears can help reduce the far-reaching consequences of anxiety, fears, and phobias.

For more information please visit our website: www.four-paws.org.za

Source: Four Paws