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Understanding Feather Plucking in Birds: Causes and Solutions

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Feather

Understanding Feather Plucking in Birds: Causes and Solutions

The Puzzling Behavior of Feather Plucking

Feather plucking in birds is a behavior that often puzzles and concerns pet owners. This habit, where a bird repeatedly plucks or tears out its feathers, can lead to noticeable bald spots and sometimes skin injuries. Understanding the underlying causes and effective treatments is crucial in helping our feathered friends.

Unbalanced Diet: The Biggest Culprit

One of the most common causes of feather plucking is an unbalanced diet. Birds require various nutrients for health maintenance, and a lack in essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids can lead to poor feather quality and a weakened immune system. This can trigger a bird to start plucking its feathers. A well-balanced diet, such as Nature’s Nest bird food, can provide the necessary range of nutrients, leading to improved feather health and reduced feather plucking.

Nature’s Nest: Nutritional Balance Solution

Nature’s Nest addresses dietary deficiencies by offering a comprehensive range of essential nutrients. High-quality proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in Nature’s Nest support feather growth and overall well-being, making it an excellent choice for birds prone to feather plucking due to dietary imbalances.

Environmental Stress and Recommendations

Birds are sensitive to their environment. Changes in their living conditions, such as loud noises, lack of stimulation, or changes in routine, can lead to stress-induced feather plucking. To mitigate this:

  1. Create a Calm Environment: Ensure the bird’s habitat is away from loud noises and disturbances.
  2. Regular Routine: Establish and maintain a consistent daily routine to provide a sense of security.
  3. Appropriate Cage Size: Provide a spacious cage to allow for movement and exercise.
  4. Enough Sleep: Best sleep time would be the same time the sun goes down. Ideally a big enough “night cage” with food and water would work best.

Feather

Behavioral Issues and Interventions

Sometimes, feather plucking is a behavioral issue, akin to a habit or a response to boredom. Providing mental and physical stimulation through toys, interaction, and exercise can be beneficial. For birds plucking feathers due to behavioral issues:

  1. Enrichment Toys: Introduce various toys to keep the bird mentally stimulated and engaged.
  2. Interaction and Training: Regular interaction and training sessions help alleviate boredom and foster a bond with the bird.
  3. Regular Exercise: Allowing the bird time outside its cage to explore and play can be beneficial.

Medical Conditions and Treatment

Underlying medical conditions like skin infections, allergies, or hormonal imbalances can also lead to feather plucking. It’s crucial to consult with an avian veterinarian to rule out or treat any medical issues. Try this to mitigate medical conditions:
  1. Veterinary Check-Up: Regular check-ups with an avian veterinarian are essential for early detection and treatment of health issues.
  2. Medication: If diagnosed with a skin infection or other condition, follow the veterinarian’s prescription and treatment plan.
  3. Specialized Diets or Supplements: Based on the vet’s advice, certain supplements or a specialized diet may be necessary.

Psychological Factors and Care

Like humans, birds can suffer from anxiety or depression, which can manifest in behaviors like feather plucking. Creating a supportive and nurturing environment is key to addressing these psychological factors. Addressing psychological factors is also crucial:
  1. Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement techniques to encourage desired behaviors.
  2. Stress Reduction: Identify and reduce potential stressors in the bird’s environment.
  3. Companionship: Consider providing companionship if suitable, as some birds benefit from social interaction with their own kind. Please seek specialist advice to help you choose the right companion.

Feather

Conclusion: A Comprehensive Approach

Feather plucking in birds requires a comprehensive approach that includes a balanced diet like Nature’s Nest, a conducive environment, mental and physical stimulation, and prompt medical care. By understanding and addressing the varied needs of our feathered companions, we can help them lead healthier and happier lives. All your bird needs is love and Nature’s Nest.

Source: Nature’s Nest

Unlocking the Nutritional Secret: Feeding Your Eclectus Parrot with Care

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Nutritional

Unlocking the Nutritional Secret: Feeding Your Eclectus Parrot with Care

Eclectus parrots, with their resplendent plumage and engaging personalities, enchant avian enthusiasts worldwide. Yet, beneath their vibrant exterior lies a delicate balance of dietary needs, particularly concerning iron intake. In this guide, we unveil the essentials of feeding your Eclectus parrot, navigating the treacherous waters of high iron content while introducing a specially crafted solution to ensure optimal health and vitality.

The Iron Conundrum: Foods to Avoid
Eclectus parrots possess a unique sensitivity to dietary iron levels, making it crucial to steer clear of certain foods. Here’s a detailed list of foods high in iron that should be avoided:

  • Red Meat: Beef, lamb, and other types of red meat are rich sources of iron and should be excluded from an Eclectus parrot’s diet entirely.
  • Fortified Cereals: Many breakfast cereals are fortified with iron to enhance their nutritional value. Eclectus parrots should not be fed fortified cereals due to their high iron content.
  • Dark Leafy Greens: While leafy greens like spinach and kale are nutritious for humans, they also contain moderate levels of iron. While these can be part of an Eclectus parrot’s diet, they should be offered in moderation.
  • Legumes: Beans, lentils, and chickpeas are excellent sources of protein and fiber but also contain iron. While small amounts of cooked legumes can be included in an Eclectus parrot’s diet, they should not be a primary source of protein due to their iron content.
  • Nuts and Seeds: Certain nuts and seeds contain moderate levels of iron. For example, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, and cashews are relatively high in iron compared to other nuts and seeds. While nuts and seeds can be part of an Eclectus parrot’s diet, they should be offered in limited quantities due to their fat content and, in some cases, iron content.
  • Dried Fruits: Dried fruits such as apricots, raisins, and prunes are concentrated sources of iron. While these can be offered as occasional treats, they should not be a staple in an Eclectus parrot’s diet due to their high sugar content and iron content.

Nature’s Nest Pellets: A Tailored Solution
Developed by avian specialists boasting over 40 years of experience, these pellets are finely crafted to meet the unique needs of Eclectus parrots. Formulated with meticulous care and attention, Nature’s Nest pellets provide a balanced blend of essential nutrients without compromising on iron levels. Incorporating these pellets into your Eclectus parrot’s diet ensures they receive vital vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, promoting robust health and longevity.

Avian Complete and Avian Wholegrain: Perfect for Eclectus
Our Avian Complete and Avian Wholegrain products are ideal choices for Eclectus parrots. These carefully formulated blends provide a diverse array of nutrients, ensuring your Eclectus receives a well-rounded diet. Avian Complete offers a balanced mix of essential vitamins and minerals, while Avian Wholegrain provides added texture and variety. Incorporating these products into your Eclectus parrot’s diet enhances their nutritional intake, contributing to their overall health and well-being.

Consultation and Care
As stewards of our feathered companions’ health, it’s imperative to seek guidance from avian veterinarians or bird nutrition specialists. These professionals offer invaluable insights into tailoring your Eclectus parrot’s diet to suit their individual needs. Regular monitoring of iron levels through veterinary check-ups provides further assurance of their well-being, enabling timely adjustments to their dietary regimen as needed.

Embracing the Journey
Feeding an Eclectus parrot is not merely a chore—it’s a journey of discovery, nurturing, and care. By understanding their unique nutritional requirements and embracing solutions like Nature’s Nest Avian Complete and Avian Wholegrain, we empower ourselves to provide the best possible care for these majestic birds. Let us embark on this journey together, guided by knowledge, compassion, and a shared commitment to the well-being of our beloved Eclectus companions.

Warning signs of cancer

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cancer

Warning signs of cancer

Early diagnosis means more effective treatment

While different cancers have varying warning signs, early symptoms can be general signs that something’s wrong. Some signs might indicate other illnesses as well, but in any illness, the earlier it is caught and treated, the better the prognosis and the less the cost of treatment.

Behavior Changes:

If your cat is hiding more, not interacting with you the way she normally does and is not soaking up the sun in her favorite afternoon nap spots, something may be wrong. There is similar reason to be concerned if she isn’t as active as she once was or doesn’t seem to want to put in the effort to play, even with that addictive feather toy. Bleeding or Discharge: The only normal discharges are urine, feces, and in some cases, a clear watery discharge in unspayed female cats that are in estrus. Anything else warrants a veterinary visit.

Bloating:

If your cat is suddenly looking fat when she never did before, she could have a bloated abdomen due to fluid buildup related to a cancer.

Breathing Difficulties:

A cat who is less active and struggling to breathe or breathing rapidly (greater than 40 breaths per minute) may have lung cancer/disease or a cardiac condition.

Difficulty Defecating or Urinating:

A too-clean litterbox is always a serious concern. In cancer, it could be a sign of blockage of the urinary or gastrointestinal (GI) tracts by tumors.

Jaundice:

A yellow tinge to your cat’s skin, inside her ears, on her gums, or on the “whites” of her eyes could indicate liver problems, including cancer.

Lack of Appetite:

Cancerous growths may make it difficult for a cat to eat, interfere with the absorption of nutrients, or may secrete chemicals that decrease appetite.

Lameness:

Cancers of the bones or joints can cause lameness.

Lumps and Bumps:

We all pet our cats, but that’s not the same as doing a monthly check for new lumps. Bumps could be benign fatty tumors or could be more aggressive cancers, and they should be closely monitored.

Matted Hair:

A lack of feline hygiene is a sign your cat isn’t feeling well. It could be arthritis or obesity making it difficult for her to self-groom, but she could also be weak or feeling poorly.

Mouth Abnormalities:

Drooling, especially with blood, may be due to a mass in her mouth. Oral cancers are commonly associated with foul breath.

Non-Healing Sores or Scaly Skin: Sores that won’t heal are problematic, especially if you have a white cat with sores on her face or ears.

Vomiting and/or Diarrhea:

These are commonly observed in a variety of diseases, including cancers.

Weight Loss:

Unintended weight loss should set off alarms. Cancer cells can decrease nutrient absorption and increase the metabolic demands of a cat, causing weight loss despite a good appetite. Weigh your cat monthly. It’s difficult to judge weight change when you see your cat every day.

You are your cat’s first line of defense when it comes to health care. Make sure you know her normal physical appearance so that you can recognize any changes. Caught early on, many cancers can be managed to give your cat more quality time with you.

Source: Cornell Feline Health Center

The Importance of Regular Avian Check-Ups

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Avian

The Importance of Regular Avian Check-Ups

For avian enthusiasts, feathered companions aren’t just pets; they are cherished members of the family. Just like any other pet, birds require proper care and attention to lead happy and healthy lives. One essential aspect of avian care that often goes overlooked is regular veterinary check-ups. In this article, we will discuss the significance of veterinary care for pet birds and how it plays a crucial role in avian health. 



The Importance of Veterinary Care for Pet Birds

  • Early Detection of Health Issues: Regular avian check-ups are crucial for detecting and addressing health issues in birds at an early stage. Birds are masters at hiding signs of illness, making it challenging for their owners to notice when something is wrong. A skilled avian veterinarian can identify subtle changes in behavior or physical appearance that may indicate underlying health problems.
  • Preventative Care: Avian vets can provide essential preventative care, such as vaccinations and parasite control, to ensure your bird remains healthy and disease-free. Preventing diseases is often more cost-effective and less stressful than treating them once they’ve taken hold.
  • Professional Wing Feather Clipping: Regular avian check-ups every three months provide an opportunity for professional wing feather clipping. Trimming a bird’s wing feathers helps prevent accidental flights and keeps them safe within their environment. This procedure should only be performed by an avian vet to ensure it is done safely and without causing harm.
  • Beak and Nail Maintenance: Birds’ beaks and nails continuously grow, and if left unchecked, they can become overgrown and cause problems. Avian vets are trained to trim and file these growths safely to prevent discomfort and injuries to your feathered friend.

Dr. Coetzee de Beer at CARE: Our Trusted Avian Vet

When it comes to the health and well-being of your beloved bird, having a trusted avian veterinarian is essential. We are proud to recommend Dr. Coetzee de Beer at The Centre for Avian, Reptiles, and Exotics (CARE) as our preferred avian vet. Dr. de Beer is a highly experienced and dedicated professional who concentrates in avian care. He played a vital role in assisting us with our pellet formulation, which is why he is our recommended vet. Dr. de Beer is passionate about helping birds lead happy, healthy lives and is committed to providing the best possible veterinary care for your feathered companions.


Conclusion

Regular avian check-ups are a vital aspect of responsible pet ownership, ensuring that your feathered friend receives the care and attention they deserve. In addition to routine health monitoring, avian vets can perform essential procedures like wing feather clipping, beak, and nail maintenance. These procedures are crucial for your bird’s safety and well-being and should only be done by a qualified avian veterinarian like Dr. Coetzee de Beer at CARE. Your bird’s health and happiness are worth every effort, so schedule those check-ups today!

 

Pioneer of Small Animal Clinical Medicine in China, Professor XIA Zhaofei Wins WSAVA Scientific Achievement Award for his Outstanding Contribution to Veterinary Science

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Pioneer of Small Animal Clinical Medicine in China, Professor XIA Zhaofei Wins WSAVA Scientific Achievement Award for his Outstanding Contribution to Veterinary Science

Professor XIA Zhaofei, the Dean Principal of the Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department at the China Agriculture University, has been honored with the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Scientific Achievement Award, following his nomination by the Beijing Small Animal Veterinary Association (BJSAVA). This award recognizes Professor Xia’s exceptional contributions to veterinary science, particularly in the small animal medicine field in China and will be presented to him at the 49th WSAVA World Congress later this year.

A pillar of the small animal clinical veterinary sector in China, Professor Xia has devoted nearly four decades to medicine in this field. He is currently engaged in teaching, research, clinical practice, and hospital management at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the China Agricultural University, as Chair of the Clinical Veterinary Medicine Department and Director of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. He also serves as the President of the BJSAVA and the companion animal medicine chapter of the Chinese Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA). Professor Xia is the associate Editor of the Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine and a member of the Specialized Construction Committee of Chinese Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA).

Professor Xia has published nearly 200 research papers as first or corresponding author and has supervised over 100 master’s and doctoral students. He has authored and edited six textbooks for undergraduate and graduate students, including Clinical Diagnosis of Small Animals, Veterinary Clinical Pathology, and Clinical Case Analysis of Dogs and Cats, widely used in veterinary schools across China. He has also translated some 30 specialized works on small animal clinical practice, enriching academic literature and educational resources in Chinese veterinary medicine.

Under his guidance, small animal antimicrobial stewardship and the development of the small animal internal medicine specialty have flourished, and he has pioneered high-impact research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation. In 2021, Professor Xia led the establishment of the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets (CARPet). The reports provided by this platform on antimicrobial resistance have made a major contribution to shaping effective strategies to combat bacterial resistance in China.

Through his active participation in CVMA activities and his leadership in organizing the annual BJSAVA conferences, Professor Xia has been at the forefront of progress in the veterinary profession. These conferences are today a key platform for knowledge exchange and professional development in China. Similarly, under his leadership, the veterinary teaching hospital at CAU has emerged as a premier institution for small animal clinical training and research, setting new standards in veterinary education and patient care. His insight, pragmatic approach, and dedication have greatly enhanced the quality of veterinary science and services in China.

Dr. Ellen van Nierop, President of WSAVA, shared her satisfaction at the announcement: “I’m thrilled that Professor Xia has been selected to receive the award, as he plays an incredibly active role within academia and clinical practice and is a driving force for innovation in the field of veterinary science.”

Torren Stone, Vice President of BJSAVA, said that, “Professor Xia’s pioneering contributions to this industry, this era and this country, advancing veterinary science and education, make him highly deserving of the WSAVA Scientific Award.”

Professor XIA Zhaofei expressed his gratitude for the designation, stating that, “I am deeply honored to receive the WSAVA Scientific Achievement Award. This recognition is a testimony to the collective efforts of my colleagues and students in advancing veterinary medicine in China.”

About WSAVA

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) represents 200,000 veterinarians globally through 113 member associations dedicated to enhancing companion animal care standards. The WSAVA Scientific Achievement Award recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of small animal medicine through research, education, and clinical practice. The WSAVA 49th World Congress is being held from the 3rd to the 5th of September in partnership with the BJSAVA and the Shanghai Small Animal Veterinary Association.

About BJSAVA

The Beijing Small Animal Veterinary Association (BJSAVA) is a leading professional organization committed to the advancement of small animal veterinary practice in China.

Source: WSAVA

Vaccination schedule for puppies and kittens

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Vaccination

Vaccination schedule for puppies and kittens

Vaccinations are crucial to protect pets against serious diseases, some of which can be transferred to humans. And when it comes to vaccinating your pets against these diseases, it’s a case of the sooner the better!

Puppies and kittens should have their first inoculations at 6 weeks, followed by booster shots to ensure full protection. Thereafter, you should take your pet to the vet at least once a year for re-vaccination and a thorough health check.

During the examination your pet will be weighed and physically examined to make sure all is well. Your vet will take their temperature, check their heart and lungs, coat, teeth, gums, eyes and ears – after which they’ll be given booster vaccinations as required.

Vaccinations for dogs

Vaccination Timing
5-in-1 3-4 doses, 3 weeks apart from 6 weeks of age
(6 weeks, 9 weeks, 12 weeks)
(16 weeks – MDA 10%)
Leptospirosis 2 doses, 3 weeks apart, from 8 weeks
(9 weeks, 12 weeks)
Rabies 2 doses, not less than 30 days later and no longer than 12 months of age
(12 weeks, 30 days later)

Vaccinations for cats

Vaccination Timing
3-in-1 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, from 8 weeks
(8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks)
Feline Leukaemia Virus 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart from 8 weeks
(8 weeks, 12 weeks)
Rabies 2 doses, not less than 30 days later, and no longer than 12 months of age
(12 weeks, 30 days later)

Why is sticking to a vaccination schedule so important?

Just like humans, dogs and cats are vulnerable to a number of serious and fatal diseases. Here are some of the most serious diseases:

Rabies

Rabies is a viral disease that attacks the central nervous system, leading to progressive and fatal inflammation of the brain. Once symptoms appear, the disease is incurable in both animals and humans. Rabies is spread through the saliva of infected animals, usually through bites or open wounds.

Symptoms include change in behaviour (aggressive animals may become passive and vice versa), excessive saliva (caused by the animal’s inability to swallow) and, in the end, difficulty in walking, disorientation, seizures and paralysis.

Owing to the seriousness of the disease, owners who fail to inoculate their pets may be liable to prosecution by the State. If you cannot afford to take your pet to a private vet, please call your nearest SPCA or make use of mobile state vet services.

Canine Distemper

Highly contagious among dogs – but not cats or humans – this virus spreads through mucus discharged from the eyes and nostrils. It’s an extremely serious disease and difficult to treat. So if your dog gets it, he or she will probably die. Even if they survive, there may be permanent damage to the central nervous system.

Symptoms include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea and difficulty in breathing. In the final stages, the dog may have seizures and paralysis.

Parvovirus

Parvovirus can be deadly, especially to puppies and young dogs that have not been vaccinated. The virus is highly contagious and is spread by contact with infected faeces or virus-contaminated surfaces. It can live on your dog’s paws or fur, and even on your own hands and clothing. From there, it can be transferred to surfaces in your home or garden, where it can survive for months – even years.

Symptoms include lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting and severe, bloody diarrhoea. If left untreated, the dog is likely to die. If you suspect parvo, take your dog to the vet as soon as possible.

Infected pups should be isolated from healthy pups. All contaminated bedding, and surfaces need to be sanitised with bleach or a specialised veterinary cleaner to prevent re-infection.

Feline panleukopaenia virus (FPV), is a member of the same family as canine parvovirus. It affects kittens, typically charaterised by depression, loss of appetite, high fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and consequently severe dehydration.

Prevention is vital and highly effective vaccines are available to help protect cats against this virus.

Kennel Cough (Parainfluenza Virus)

A variety of highly contagious viruses and bacteria are involved in canine cough. It is often found when dogs are in close proximity to each other, hence the popular name, ‘kennel cough’.

Although not usually fatal, the virus can lead to serious conditions such as broncho-pneumonia in puppies and bronchitis in older dogs. It is spread through aerosol droplets and contact with infected surfaces. Symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, loss of appetite and a loud, dry cough.

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis or Snuffles

This serious upper respiratory infection is contagious and often fatal. Even if your cat recovers, he or she will remain a carrier for life. Snuffles symptoms include discharge from the nose and eyes, sneezing and fever.

Feline Calicivirus

Vaccination for this disease is crucial. It is similar to snuffles in that it affects the upper respiratory tract. There are a number of different strains of the disease. Some cause visible symptoms while others don’t. All strains are spread through bodily fluids and are extremely contagious.

Symptoms can range from mild to serious, and may include, fever, pneumonia, tongue blisters and ulcers. Treatment is difficult and even if your cat recovers, they may be left with chronic sneezing, gum disease and runny eyes. They will also be at risk of infecting other cats.

Feline Leukaemia or FeLV

Feline leukemia is a common disease that spreads easily among cats. It destroys your pet’s white blood cells, leading to a compromised immune system and making your cat susceptible to other infections, cancer and death.

Your cat may carry and transmit this virus for months or even years before showing any signs or symptoms. Symptoms include pale or inflamed gums, weight loss, poor coat condition, diarrhoea and chronic skin, eye, respiratory or urinary tract infections.
Unvaccinated cats are extremely vulnerable to contracting this disease, so kittens should be vaccinated as early as possible.

Deworming

Along with keeping your pet’s vaccinations up to date, don’t forget regular deworming. Kittens and puppies under 3 months are treated every 2 weeks. then every month from 3-6 months of age and thereafter every 3 months.

Don’t forget to protect your pets against parasites like ticks and fleas as well. Carefully read instructions to make sure the treatment is suitable for the type of pet and its age.

Source: SPCA – Durban & Coast

Is your dog normal, healthy and happy?

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Is your dog normal, healthy and happy?

A Normal and a happy and healthy dog will exhibit various signs and behaviors that indicate their well-being and contentment.

It’s important to note that individual dogs may have different personalities and temperaments, so their expressions of happiness may vary. However, if you notice any significant changes in your dog’s behaviour or physical health, it’s essential to consult with a veterinarian to ensure their well-being and address any potential health concerns.

Regular veterinary check-ups and proper care are vital in maintaining a happy and healthy life for your canine companion.

Here are some common signs of a happy and healthy dog:

  • Energetic and Playful: A happy dog will have good energy levels and will engage in playful behavior. They will be excited to play with toys, run around, and interact with their human family.
  • Tail wagging: Tail wagging is a classic sign of a happy dog. However, it’s essential to interpret the wagging in context with other body language.
  • Healthy Appetite: A healthy dog will have a consistent and healthy appetite. They will eagerly eat their meals and maintain a stable weight.
  • Clear and Bright Eyes: The eyes of a happy and healthy dog will be clear, bright, and free from excessive tearing or discharge.
  • Shiny Coat: A well-groomed and healthy dog will have a shiny and lustrous coat. Their skin will be free from dryness, flakes, or excessive oiliness.
  • Normal Bowel Movements: A happy and healthy dog will have regular and firm bowel movements without any signs of diarrhea or constipation.
  • Good Dental Health: Healthy teeth and gums are signs of a content dog. They should have clean teeth and fresh breath.
  • Affectionate and Cuddly: A happy dog will seek affection and enjoy cuddling with their human family members.
  • Responsive to Commands: Training and socialization play a role in a dog’s happiness. A well-trained and socialized dog will respond positively to commands and interact well with others.
  • Contentment During Rest: When a dog is content, they will relax comfortably during rest periods and may lie on their side or back, showing they feel safe and secure.
  • Social Interaction: A happy dog will enjoy spending time with their family members, other dogs, or even meeting new people.
  • Good Hydration: A happy and healthy dog will drink water regularly and stay hydrated.

Source: Cape of Good Hope SPCA

Summer Care for Horses

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Summer Care for Horses

As the summer heat sets in, it’s important to take extra care of our equine friends. Here are a few tips to help keep your horse healthy and happy during the summer months.

Flies
Flies will probably bother your horse the most during the summer months. Use Fly spray regularly, morning and evening to keep those pests at bay. Another way to combat the flies is a fly mask, making sure the fit is not too loose or too tight.

Skin Care
Use sunblock on white or pink areas of your horse. Applying sunblock once a day should be sufficient.

Remember to check that your sunscreen is safe for use on horses’ skin. Zinc-Oxide (used by lifeguards) is horse friendly and water-resistant.

Hydration
Make sure your horse stays hydrated and always has access to potable water. Also make sure water is placed in a shaded area.

Your horse may need extra salt intake and a good way is to provide it with a salt block, Himalayan Salt is also very good.

Keeping Horses Cool
Make sure your horse keeps cool and always has access to shelter even if it is in the form of a nice big tree when your horse is out pasturing.

Have good airflow if your horse is stabled, and place a fan inside the barn or stable if need be to increase airflow on those extra hot and stifling days.

A quick rinse after a hot ride will also cool your horse right down.

Healthy Horse
Be sure that your horse is in good health before heading out on a summer ride. Consider riding in the early morning or in the early evening when it is cooler.

Summer is a great time to spend more time with your horse. The weather is nicer, and you can take advantage of the longer days to ride more often. However, it’s important to remember that horses are susceptible to heatstroke and other health problems in the summer months. Use the tips above to ensure a happy summer for both horse and rider.

Source: Cape of Good Hope SPCA

Critical Skills at Risk: South African Veterinarians Leaving the Country in Increasing Numbers

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Veterinarians

Critical Skills at Risk: South African Veterinarians Leaving the Country in Increasing Numbers

South Africa, September 2024 – The South African Veterinary Association (SAVA) is sounding the alarm as an increasing number of veterinarians are leaving the country, taking with them critical skills that are essential to the health and well-being of animals, humans and the environment. This growing exodus is a concerning trend that could have severe implications for the veterinary profession and the broader public health sector in South Africa.

According to recent data, the migration of veterinarians from South Africa has accelerated, driven by a combination of factors including better employment opportunities abroad, challenging working conditions locally, unrealistic client expectations and concerns about the country’s economic and social stability. The loss of these highly trained professionals is not only a blow to the veterinary community but also to the agricultural sector, wildlife conservation efforts, and public health initiatives that rely heavily on their expertise.

Dr. Paul van der Merwe, President of SAVA, emphasises the urgency of addressing this issue: “Veterinarians are a cornerstone of our nation’s health services, and their departure creates a void that will be nearly impossible to fill. We need to take immediate action to retain these critical skills within our borders, or we risk compromising the health and well-being of our animals, our food safety and security, and ultimately, our population.”

The South African Veterinary Association is calling for a collaborative effort between the government, the private sector, and the veterinary community to develop strategies aimed at retaining veterinarians. Key proposals include improving working conditions, offering competitive salaries, mentorship and providing greater support for the challenges faced by veterinarians in South Africa.

As the exodus continues, the future of veterinary services in South Africa is bleak. The South African Veterinary Association is committed to finding solutions that will encourage veterinarians to remain in the country and continue their vital work. SAVA will be engaging with stakeholders across the board and canvass support for its programs to address this pressing issue and ensure that South Africa does not lose more of its invaluable veterinary professionals.

Dogs love liver – but how much liver is too much – can too much do harm?

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Dog

Dogs love liver – but how much liver is too much – can too much do harm?

Everyone who loves dogs knows that dogs love liver! Treats containing liver abound, recipes for liver “brownies” are perennial favourites (you can find one here on this blog, but there are countless versions) and simple baked treats are a mainstay as “bait” for show dogs and rewards for hard working canines in all kinds of sport and performance work. In home made recipes, some organ meat is always included, to boost nutrient levels, especially Vitamin A, and copper. But how much liver is enough, and is it possible to overdo it? Are all kinds – beef, lamb, chicken, pork – created equal? In this entry we’ll take a little closer look at liver; what it offers your dog, how to prepare it – and why you really can get too much of a good thing.

Let’s start with what’s good about liver, why it should be included in a canine diet, if it’s tolerated.

  1. Liver is nature’s most abundant source of Vitamin A, in the  most bioavailable form for carnivores. (This is why cod liver oil is so different from fish body oil, the vitamin content).
  2. Liver is an excellent source of protein, all the B vitamins, and iron.
  3. Liver is very high in copper, an important nutrient that can be low in home made diets.
  4. Liver contains Vitamin D which supports the immune system, muscles & bone growth
  5. Oh yes, and dogs love the stuff…can’t forget that one.

Look for a supplier that uses rural raised, clean air living, grass fed, hormone free Beef – always buy the best you can afford.

Now, what might some of the issues be?

  1. ​Liver is very high in copper (yes, this can be a problem if fed too much. We want to hit in around the  Recommended Allowance, not go, you know, 20 times above it. That carries its own problems)
  2. Liver is very high in phosphorus, which we like to watch especially with growth diets, seniors and very carefully with kidney disease.
  3. Liver is high in purines, a big no-no for dogs with uric acid stones(especially common in the Dalmatian, and serious stuff)
  4. Although we mention above that what is good is that liver contains Vit. A, we need to be aware that too much Vit. A can poison dogs, creating symptoms that in include tremors, convulsions and peeling skin. 
  5. There is always the risk of salmonella and campylobacter in raw organs which can be particularly harmful to young, old or unwell dogs. 
  6. When a dog has an allergic reaction, it is very often the protein that is the culprit. A good idea is to do an allergy test
  7. Always check with your vet before giving liver to your dog if your dog suffers from any disease. With some diseases, liver can do harm. 

This part can get technical, so bear with me.  I don’t, for the record, believe that every meal has to be “perfectly balanced” but I can easily demonstrate how not paying attention and relying on guesswork will create imbalances- which in turn, can have serious backlash over time. It’s good to know what is in our food – not just the toxins, which many are concerned about, but the nutrients! So to figure out how much liver to add, it’s smart to start off calculating your dog’s phosphorus and copper requirements. Then, calculate how much is in the diet. Often, there will be plenty of phosphorus but low copper.  Add just enough liver to bring the copper into the recommended range or a little higher. The exceptions to this of course, would be a cancer or renal diet where we need to restrict copper, or of course, any dog with urate stones. Just take a pass in those cases.

In a cooked diet, I generally need to add anywhere from 1 – 5 ounces per week, depending on the size of the dog. I did a St. Bernard diet yesterday and we’re using six ounces of liver; the dog’s recommended allowance is 35 mgs, and the recipe has 36. The dog’s allowance for phosphorus is 14,000 mgs; with the liver, we have 14,079.(this is beef liver I’m referring to here).

To calculate your dogs RA for phosphorus, follow the same basic procedure I’ve referred to in past entries; take the bodyweight in kilograms to the power of 0.75, then multiply by 100. That’s the DAILY recommended allowance. To find the copper recommendation, take the metabolic number as above, and multiply by 0.2, for the daily ideal level. Of course, you just X these levels by 7 to get the weekly amounts.

That’s the easy part. Figuring out what’s in the diet is harder. You can use a tool like nutrition data, or you can slog it out using the USDA database. In general, my feeling is one ounce a week for a small dog, 2 – 3 for a medium, 4-6 for large and giant breeds. This is not precision nutrition, but it gives an idea of how much we might use in a recipe. I often suggest to clients they reserve the liver I include in their dog’s recipe, and feed as treats. It doesn’t have to go into the batch, just into the dog. 

Dog

What about different types of liver?

I am often asked if they can be interchanged –  and I think, as treats they can ( given I am recommending not using liver in general all the time) but when we’re looking to meet a dietary requirement, different types of liver have different profiles.  Here’s a peek at four popular varieties:

Beef Liver
​82 grams, cooked weight (this will apply to all varieties)
Calories – 156
Phosphorus- 407 grams (this is substantial, when you consider an equivalent amount of lean muscle meat has about 168 mgs).
Copper– 11.7 mgs  (this too is a lot, consider my 72 kg St. Bernard needed only 5 mgs daily.)
Iron – 5.3 mgs
Zinc – 4.3 mgs

​Calf’s  Liver
​Calories – 155
Phosphorus – 377 mgs
Copper – 12.3 mgs
Iron – 4.19 mgs
Zinc – 9.2 mgs
Not much difference other than more zinc. These two are more or less interchangeable. But then there is…

Chicken Liver
Calories-136
Phosphorus – 332 mgs
Copper – 0.4 mgs
Iron – 9.5 mgs
Zinc – 3.26mgs
This is significant particularly if one is adding liver to amp up the copper. Note the higher iron, too; seems like a small difference, but small dogs can really be affected. Not interchangeable with calf’s of beef liver. And then we have…

Lamb Liver​
Calories– 180
Phosphorus– 344 mgs
Copper -5.8
Iron– 6.79 mgs
Zinc – 6.47 mgs

Other differences include Vitamin A, B12 and selenium. In dietary formulation we learn to pay attention to all of these levels, and aim for an optimal range. Very nutrient -dense foods like liver offer great benefits, but we need to use them properly. Liver is not to be fed as a main protein source, but a garnish, an addition, a booster of the nutrients we’ve highlighted here. Now, as TREATS, I feel you’re ok with a healthy dog, to mix liver types up and use judicious amounts. I like to emphasize heart, muscle meat and eggs, so as to minimize  the chance of driving some nutrient levels out of balance. But in a  recipe, where we are trying to reach specific levels, yes indeed, all liver is not created equal.

Source: Friends of the Dog