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Possible Health Issues in Common Dog Breeds

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Image: Pixabay

Common health problems in dogs

The fortunes of dogs and humans have been mutually entangled for millennia. Numerous distinct breeds of Canis lupus familiaris exist today, owing to dogs’ remarkable adaptability and genetic fluidity. Dogs come in all shapes, sizes, colors, and temperaments, and this diversity has been achieved through selective breeding.

Unfortunately, this practice occasionally yields undesirable results, including a higher incidence of certain hereditary defects, deformities, or infirmities within a given breed. Here are 12 common dog breeds and their potential health issues.

1. Labrador Retriever

America’s favorite dog breed is prized for its high intelligence and affectionate nature. In many ways, Labs are perfect family dogs: loyal, gentle, and playful. Health issues with this energetic breed are relatively few, provided the animal gets plenty of daily exercise. Under-exercised pets are prone to weight gain and an increased risk of joint disease due to obesity. Labs are also often genetically prone to hip and elbow dysplasia. Other inherited diseases can include eye disorders such as progressive retinal atrophy, which can cause blindness.

2. German Shepherd

Another contender for America’s favorite dog breed, German Shepherds are exceptionally intelligent and easily trained. They excel at guard duty, but require plenty of stimulation and exercise to maintain optimal health. German Shepherds are prone to hereditary hip dysplasia, a deformation of the hip socket that may lead to arthritis or lameness. Degenerative myelopathy is also a common condition among German Shepherds. This is an untreatable disease that results in progressive paralysis.

3. Basset Hound

With their droopy ears and sad-sack eyes, these adorable dogs are plagued by problems related to their most endearing qualities. Their droopy skin may interfere with vision. Their large, floppy ears are prone to infections and require regular inspection and cleaning. And they have a penchant for constant, enthusiastic sniffing (made all the easier by their short legs). Basset hounds can suffer from intervertebral disc disease, which is a disease of the spine. This condition can make movement difficult and painful if left untreated.

4. Jack (& Parson) Russell Terriers

These highly energetic, intelligent terriers are well known for their relatively good overall healthand notable longevity. While some larger breeds may live an average of 10 to 12 years, Jack Russells (and closely related Parson Russell Terriers) may live 14 to 16 years, provided they receive adequate, regular exercise. Inherited diseases include lens luxation, which may result in loss of vision.

5. Lhasa Apso

Experts describe these elegant dogs as “robust,” but the Lhasa requires regular eye care to maintain optimal health. Constant tearing can be expected in this breed. The runny fluid must be gently cleaned from the eyes on a routine basis with isotonic (mild saltwater) solution. The Lhasa’s long flowing coat requires extensive brushing and combing to avoid snags and tangles. This breed is also prone to a form of hereditary kidney disease.

6. Irish Setter

Although their popularity is presently waning, Irish Setters are still ranked among the top 10 breeds for playfulness and affection. These lovable redheads are considered hardy, but some hereditary diseases do occur. Irish setters can experience a variety of conditions including hip dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, bloat, epilepsy, and bone cancer.

7. Yorkshire Terrier

Known for possessing outsized personalities in an undersized package, “Yorkies” have flounced into American’s hearts. They are the third most popular breed in America. With silky blue/tan coats and entitled terrier attitudes, they relish their roles as miniature divas. Yorkies are prone to digestive problems. Their diet should be carefully monitored. As with other toy breeds, tracheal collapse is possible. Clinical signs include a cough and can be exacerbated by a collar. A hereditary defect, portosystemic shunt, may decrease liver function and cause toxins to accumulate in the blood. This can lead to behavioral and neurological problems.

8. Dalmatian

Patient, gentle, and hardy, Dalmatians are famous for their association with firemen, and as the fictional heroes in a series of popular Disney movies. The most common hereditary defect in this breed is deafness, although reputable breeders are working to eradicate this problem. Dalmatians also have a tendency to develop kidney or bladder stones, a condition called urolithiasis. This common problem may require special diet or surgery to correct.

9. Cocker Spaniel

These favorites are known for their flowing coats, but owning a supermodel’s tresses comes at a price. Cocker Spaniels require frequent bathing and brushing to keep their long hair free of tangles. Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to eye disorders, including cataracts and glaucoma, as well as heart disease, epilepsy, and liver disease. Their ears must also be cleaned regularly to prevent ear infections.

10. Pug

Familiar for their flat, pushed-in face, pugs are generally a healthy breed that lives a long life. While the flat-fronted face is part of their charm, it can lead to breathing problems, which may develop into snoring at night or difficulty breathing in hot weather and humidity. The pug prefers living its days as a house companion, steering clear of extremely hot or cold temperatures. However, moderate exercise is still essential, as this breed is known to become overweight.

11. Chihuahua

Made famous by Taco Bell commercials, this tiny breed weighs in around 6 pounds or less. A gentle breed that will pair well with an equally gentle owner, Chihuahuas can live a relatively long life for dogs — around 12 to 15 years. The Chihuahua is not exempt from health concerns, however. The most common is patellar luxation, which can lead to arthritis. Other medical concerns include cardiac and eye disease.

12. Boxer

Highly athletic, the Boxer is rumored to have acquired its name from the way it uses its front paws for nearly every activity, seeming to bat at objects as if sparring. This compact and muscular breed is susceptible to a number of conditions, though. Boxers are prone to heart-related and thyroid problems, as well as skin allergies. Other medical concerns include cancer, bloat, and elbow dysplasia.

Takeaway

When considering bringing home a new puppy or adult dog, be sure to work with a reputable breeder who is honest and open about the health lines of their dogs. Don’t purchase a puppy without documentation that the parents were cleared of health issues. If adopting from a shelter, be sure to take your new dog to the vet soon after adoption.

Whether bred for their protectiveness and vigilance or their suitability to the pampered life, there is a breed of dog suitable for virtually every environment and type of owner. Learn more about choosing the right dog breed for your lifestyle, and get tips to keep your dog happy and healthy.

Source: Health Line

Arthritis in pets: a winter warning

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Image: Pixabay

THERE is so much to look forward to when it comes to winter; curling up on the couch with your dog or cat on your lap, hot chocolate in hand and a feel-good movie on TV. However, what many pet parents don’t realise is that the colder weather brings existing ailments, such as arthritis, to the forefront.

People with arthritis know first-hand that cold weather worsens their pain and stiffness, and the same applies for pets. This is mainly due to the increased blood flow to the major organs, which is how the body stays warm; however, this also means there’s less blood flowing to the limbs, making the joints colder and stiff.

Unfortunately, with pets, it’s more difficult to tell when they are in pain. While dogs will show physical pain, cats are notorious for hiding injury, pain and illness.

WHAT CAUSES ARTHRITIS IN PETS?

There are many reasons why your dog or cat could be experiencing joint pain associated with arthritis, explains Dr. Guy Fyvie, Nutritional Advisor for Hill’s Pet Nutrition.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

• Age — As pet gets older, joint cartilage progressively wears away. While it is much more common in senior pets, younger dogs and cats can suffer from arthritis too.

• Breed — Certain breeds are more prone to developing arthritis. ‘At-risk’ dog breeds include Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Germen Shepherds, and Rottweilers. ‘At-risk’ cat breeds include Himalayan, Persian, and Siamese.

• Excess weight — Weight puts additional stress on your pet’s joints and cartilage and increases the risk of pain and arthritis.

POSSIBLE CAUSES

• Accidents or trauma — Trauma to cartilage may lead to arthritis later in life

• Congenital or hereditary defects — Some breeds may have congenital or hereditary conditions that make them more prone to developing arthritis in later life.

DOES MY PET HAVE ARTHRITIS?

Dr. Fyvie says if you notice any of the below warning signs of joint pain in your dog or cat, then your pet may be suffering from arthritis, and you should schedule a consultation with your vet as soon as possible. Addressing the problem early on can spare your pet more aggressive treatments, like surgery. Read on for some of the signs to keep a look out for.

DOGS

• Stiffness, especially after resting

• Hesitation to go up and down stairs

• Lagging during walks or tiring easily

• Preferring to lie down rather than sit or stand

• Whimpering, growling, or snapping when you touch their joints

CATS

• Decreased activity

• Trouble jumping on or off surfaces

• Not using their litter box

• Walking stiffly and limping

• Social reclusiveness — While most cat parents are tuned into the little details and quirks of their cat’s personality, like their ability to open a door or proclivity for attacking feet at night, it can be difficult to determine when behaviours that seem unusual are signs of a deeper health concern.

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION IN MANAGING ARTHRITIS

The food your pet eats plays an important role in their overall health and well-being. For accurate diagnosis and treatment options, always consult your veterinarian and ask them to recommend the best food for your pet’s arthritis and joint mobility health, such as Hill’s Prescription Diet j/d and mobility range of foods. Made with high levels of Omega-3 fatty acids, Glucosamine and Chondroitin, Hill’s Prescription Diet j/d is the only food clinically proven to improve mobility in as little as 21 days.

KEEP YOUR PET’S WEIGHT IN CHECK

“Excess weight puts additional strain on the joints and increases inflammation,” says Dr Fyvie. Maintaining optimum weight should be a priority for all arthritic pets. “The vet will objectively assess weight, recommend nutritional and lifestyle changes, and prescribe pain relief or anti-inflammatory medication as necessary.” A food like Prescription Diet Metabolic + Mobility can also help to support pets’ joints and help lose extra kilos or maintain a healthy weight.

Source: News 24

Senile Moments in Felines

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Image: Pixabay

What is CDS in Cats?
As your kitty ages, you may unknowingly accept symptoms of senility as par for the course of aging, however feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome is now classified as a medical condition. A sad but true statistic is that 50% of cats older than 15 years of age tend to suffer from some degree of dementia, otherwise known as CDS.

Feline CDS is caused by the production of a wax-like protein sediment (beta amyloid) in the brain. The syndrome is associated to Alzheimer’s disease in humans as they both display similar physical and behavioural characteristics.

Symptoms:

Disorientation

  • appears confused and lost
  • doesn’t remember people or places that were once familiar to them
  • roams mindlessly
  • becomes trapped in corners
  • gets lost in their once familiar home

Changes in Social Interactions

  • withdraws from attention
  • social relations with other animals change
  • doesn’t greet family members like they once did
  • disregard for meal times/appetite loss
  • no longer grooms themselves

Changes in Sleep Cycles

  • sleep cycles are either reversed or interrupted

House Soiling

  • unable to recall litter box training
  • unable to recall where the litter box is located
  • unable to recall what to do once in the litter box

Compulsive Behaviour

  • wails for no apparent reason
  • paces continuously
  • mindlessly licks objects
  • experiences tremors
  • restlessness and/or anxiety

Diagnosing CDS
Diagnosing CDS is more challenging than one would expect. CDS takes on symptoms similar to that of other diseases such as arthritis, kidney disease, deafness, blindness, brain tumors or hyperthyroidism, therefore these conditions must first be ruled out before CDS can be accurately diagnosed.

Treatment
Unfortunately, there is no cure for CDS. However, your veterinarian may prescribe certain medications and behavioural therapy to increase your cat’s cognitive function and slow down any associated decline.

Feed your kitty a wholesome diet enriched with antioxidants, vitamin E, beta carotene and essential fatty acids.

Rearrange your home environment to better accommodate your cat’s condition, such as:

  • placing numerous food and water bowls as well as litter boxes around the home so they are more accessible to your kitty
  • adhering to regular feeding times so your kitty’s expectations to a certain routine are met
  • replacing old litter trays with wider, more shallow rims so your kitty can access them easily. Using sand-like litter is also gentler on their sensitive aging paw pads
  • ensuring any changes to their environment are done incrementally so to avoid your kitty from developing unnecessary anxiety and stress
  • preparing soft and cosy resting spots throughout the home, preferably with a ramp or stairs so your kitty can easily access their numerous safe havens
  • imparting as much love that your cat desires but don’t smother them as this may agitate or stress them out

Prevention
Studies have proven that by physically and mentally stimulating your cat from an early age, you are able to prevent or even offset the negative effects of dementia by keeping their brain young and active. Try some of the following to stimulate your kitty:

  • Provide your cat with mentally-engaging entertainment such as placing bird feeders and bird baths outside your windows for your cat’s amusement.
  • Cat trees are a great source for climbing, discovering and resting.
  • By teaching your cat to walk on a leash, you’re able to expose them to an array of new opportunities, places and discoveries.
  • Food-incentive treats are a terrific way to teach your cat new tricks that stimulate both their mind and body.
  • Disperse limited amounts of cat food around the home in bowls so your kitty is encouraged to seek the food.
  • Puzzle toys reward the cat for their interest by releasing treats. This behaviour imitates that of felines’ natural hunting tendencies and will keep your kitty stimulated both mentally and physically.

Feline senility can be a very traumatic experience, not only for you, but your cat too. Remember to continuously invigorate and entertain your kitty throughout their life so their bodies remain agile and able and their minds sharp. When your cat reaches their “geriatric” years, it’s essential to realise that undesired actions are unintentional on their part and they too, are undergoing stress and frustrations, if not more, than what you are, so acceptance, patience and compassion are key.

Written for inFURmation
by Taliah Williamson

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Disclaimer: The information produced by Infurmation is provided for general and educational purposes only and does not constitute any legal, medical or other professional advice on any subject matter. These statements are not intended to diagnose, treat or cure any disease. Always seek the advice of your vet or other qualified health care provider prior to starting any new diet or treatment and with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you suspect that your pet has a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider.

Happy Valley Farm Hospital for animals in medical need

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Valley Farm Animal Hospital in Faerie Glen. Jacques Naude African News Agency (ANA)

DO not think quality medical care is only for humans. In the heart of Pretoria’s eastern suburbs is a veterinary facility to rival the best private hospital.

Described as a “home away from home”, the Valley Farm Animal Hospital in Faerie Glen has recently undergone an upgrade and is the answer to every caring pet-lover’s needs, regardless of the time of year.

From the entrance of the hospital tucked away on Old Farm Road, one feels a sense of tranquillity and well-being. If one didn’t know better, with all the hi-tech equipment and state-of-the-art facilities, one could be forgiven for forgetting this was an animal hospital.

It has the latest equipment, such as a CT scanner, operating theatres, climate-controlled wards – including a high-care ward for critical cases – and specialist vets and nurses at hand to deal with any ailment or emergency.

Physiotherapist Nadia van der Merwe administers laser treatment to a patient at the hospital

Before our tour of the hospital, we are met by the co-owner, Tim Krafft, who beams with pride and passion.

“Gentlemen,” he says to us, “this facility is like no other. I don’t want to blow my own horn. Let’s take a walk through the hospital and you be the judge. Don’t say I didn’t warn you though.”

With a staff of 85, 18 of them qualified staff veterinarians, Valley Farm Animal Hospital provides ultra-modern, comprehensive service to its existing client base as well as to clients referred from other practices in Pretoria, Joburg and further afield.

The hospital is one of the biggest veterinary practices in South Africa. In addition to general veterinary care for pets in Pretoria east, the practice offers a 24-hour on-site veterinary team for emergencies and in-patient monitoring.

Sandra Purwin and Justin Grace prepare a dog for an anesthetic at the Valley Farm Animal Hospital

Valley Farm general veterinarians are supported by specialists in medicine, surgery, anaesthesia and radiography. Owners are provided with veterinary care, grooming and a well-stocked on-site shop.

They also provide pet owners from all over South Africa with specialist care on a referral basis.

The facilities are world-class, used to aid with diagnostics, surgery, post-operative and other care, including stem cell therapy for arthritic pets, dentistry and physiotherapy.

Valley Farm Animal Hospital called in the services of Prof Robert Kirberger, a South African- and European-registered specialist radiologist to assist with advanced CT and sonar scans and, among the new hi-tech equipment at the hospital is a recently installed, multimillion-rand 16-slice computed tomography (CT) machine, the first of its class in the country for veterinary work.

Many of the staff qualified at the internationally renowned Onderstepoort veterinary faculty of the University of Pretoria.

Dr Arpana Bhagwan administers acupuncture treatment to a patient at Valley Farm Animal Hospital

Gareth Zeiler is a specialist veterinary anaesthetist, certified internationally, and able to deal with any tricky case or emergency.

Others on the staff are Dr Salome Nagel, specialist physician who takes referrals for a wide range of medical cases, and Dr Adriaan Kitshoff, who specialises in advanced soft tissue surgery on the brain and heart.

A cat recovering at the Valley Farm Animal Hospital

The practice was established by Krafft in 1995, joined a year later by Dean de Kock. They have worked hard at building the practice, introducing a 24-hour emergency service, improving facilities and constantly increasing the range and quality of services offered at the practice.

Valley Farm Animal Hospital provides a weekly pet-care column in the Pretoria News Weekend.

Source: IOL
By: Sakhile Ndlazi

 

‘Designer’ dog and cat breeding to be outlawed this year in Scotland

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Scottish Fold Cats are just one of the breeds which could be affected

Breeding designer pets could effectively be outlawed in Scotland this year, as new, tighter licensing regulations are set to come into force. The Scottish Government plans to tighten the licensing of dog, cat, and rabbit breeding in the country, to crack down on keeping animals in poor conditions before selling them on.

It comes after a consultation between stakeholders last September to November, with the Minister for Rural Affairs, Mairi Gougeon, saying responses will be published at the end of the month with the “hope to introduce legislation later this year.”

Higher demand for pets with certain physical features

Part of the new approach would involve stopping harmful breeding practices where pets are more likely to suffer from certain genetic conditions, which often lead to health problems in later life.

In recent years, there has been a growth in demand for pets with particular physical features such as short noses, protruding eyes and long ears.

A Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

This has incentivised breeding for extreme characteristics in some cases, but it heightens the risk of harmful genetic conditions and can seriously affect the future health and wellbeing of the animal.

It can also place unexpected financial strain on the owner as many of those pets will need on-going and costly veterinary care.

Animals which could be affected by the move include the Scottish fold cat, which has a genetic defect preventing it from forming cartilage, the absence of which causes long term arthritis, as well as the munchkin cat which has disproportionately short legs and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, which can be bred to have an unnaturally small skull that compresses the brain.

French and English Bulldogs and pugs could also be affected, as they have significant breathing problems caused by narrow, constricted airways, pinched nostrils and shortened, squat necks, exacerbated by obesity which is common in all breeds.

Scottish SPCA Chief Superintendent Mike Flynn said: “The Scottish SPCA believes that all animals should be bred to enjoy a normal life and be able to freely express normal behaviours, which includes being free from pain.”

While giving evidence to the the Public Petitions committee of the Scottish Parliament in May last year, Mark Rafferty, chief inspector in the special investigations unit of the SSPCA, referred to an: “…unquenchable appetite among the public for some particular breeds of dog, that are defined as either new breeds or designer breeds.”

Source: i News

Is your Cat’s Hair Falling Out, Wearing Out and Tearing Out?

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is your Cat’s Hair Falling Out, Wearing Out and Tearing Out?

Stroking your feline friend’s soft coat is a pastime many pet parents obviously enjoy, but you may find yourself a little bewildered upon noticing the gradual thinning of your purry pal’s fur volume. If your cat is losing a reasonable amount of hair because of shedding season, then you can breathe as this is rather normal. However, a sudden and drastic loss of hair is a problem that you should address immediately.

Causes of Hair Loss or Alopecia in Cats

If you’ve noticed that your kitty has become abnormally engrossed in chewing and licking their fur of late rather than spending their time playing, sleeping or eating, various reasons could be triggering this unusual behaviour…

Cancer, especially in older felines, along with allergies to food, dust, pollen, medicines and insect bites can contribute to the emergence of bald spots. In an attempt to relieve the irritability, your furry feline may consistently lick the area of irritation until hair growth in that region is compromised. Your vet may also be able to identify whether the hair loss is a consequence of a hormonal imbalance due to an overactive thyroid or excessive levels of steroids.

Alopecia can also be attributed to diabetes or immune system issues so it’s vital you describe to your vet in detail what your kitty’s diet consists of, and any current behaviourial or environmental changes they may recently have experienced to help him diagnose the root cause thereof.

Parasites, for instance ticks, fleas and mice as well as fungal infections such as ringworm appearing as a dry, scabby hairless ring, are also common triggers of hair loss.

Continuous licking of the same spot may also be your cat’s way of relieving pain caused by arthritis.

Like humans, stressed and anxious felines can develop obsessive behaviours such as over-grooming, picking on their skin as well as scratching and licking which is known as “psychogenic alopecia”.

Certain feline breeds, such as Bengals and Himalayans tend to experience a higher likelihood of hair loss and are more prone to developing alopecia.

Symptoms                

The most common symptoms of alopecia appear in the form of:

  • partial or extensive hair loss
  • bald spots
  • scabbing
  • redness
  • itching

In some cases, the hair loss presents itself in wide-ranging patterns on the feline’s body, while in other scenarios, it appears more symmetrical.

Diagnosis

To identify the cause of alopecia, your vet may conduct a skin biopsy or culture to categorise any skin issues and related conditions. Any hormonal problems or imbalances are discovered by conducting a blood serum chemistry panel. Moreover, an ultrasound or X-ray maybe recommended for pinning down diseases such as cancer that could be contributing to the hair loss.  

Treatment

The treatment plan for alopecia depends on your pet’s diagnosis report. Causes such as hormonal imbalances and various skin conditions that contribute to hair loss can be treated with the prescription of topical medications. If, however, alopecia is a consequence of stress and anxiety, the vet may recommend behavioural management and training to control this problem in addition to anti-anxiety or antidepressant treatment.

Management

To manage your cat’s hair loss effectively, be sure to monitor their habits such as excessive licking, biting, scratching and chewing on parts of their body to ensure that they do not become more severe despite being treated with prescribed medication. Remember to consult with your vet periodically to report your feline friend’s progress and discuss any concerns related to their condition. Unfortunately, treatment options for hair loss are fairly restricted and effective prevention techniques are not yet available.

You know your purry pal best, so picking up on any changes in their behaviour and hair volume early on is vital to ensure you get to the bottom of the problem and receive the best treatment for it. This will ensure you have a higher possibility of restoring your full-volumed fluffy feline to their happy, healthy self.

Written for inFURmation
by Taliah Williamson

 

Doggie Dementia

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Doggie Dementia

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCD) is a heart-breaking condition where a dog’s brain undergoes the process of ageing which may bring about a decline in their level of awareness, learning and memory capacity as well as their reaction to stimuli. The onset of symptoms is generally minor, but over time, they get progressively worse. Unfortunately, 50% of dogs older than 11 years of age display clinical signs of cognitive dysfunction. By the age of 15 years, 68% of dogs show at least one sign.

Signs and Symptoms

  • anxiety
  • increased irritability
  • reduced interest in playing
  • appetite loss
  • changes in sleeping patterns
  • disorientation and confusion
  • reduced learning capabilities
  • failure to recall learned house rules and training
  • urinary and faecal incontinence
  • reduced interest in self-grooming
  • unnecessary licking

Symptoms of CCD can coincide with age-related issues such as diabetes, arthritis, kidney conditions, cancer as well as sight and hearing loss so it’s important that you distinguish between the actual reasons your dog isn’t behaving as they used to. Perhaps they’ve stopped chasing their tail due to painful aches. On the other hand, it could be due to a progressive cognitive decline.

A very helpful acronym that helps pet parents decipher if there’s more than meets the eye to their pooch’s condition is DISHA. DISHA was created to assist owners in distinguishing the obvious CCD symptoms and changes.

  • Disorientation and Spacial Awareness Issues – One of the most common signs is when a dog gets confused in their familiar environment. They may crawl behind an object and be unable to get out from behind it; they may enter or exit through the wrong door or stare blankly at a wall instead of doing something they’d typically do at that time of day.
  • Interactions: Your pooch might usually be the social butterfly on the block, but you gradually notice that they begin snapping or growling at dogs or children they used to be friendly to. In order to discount any physical conditions that could potentially be causing them pain, such as diabetes or arthritis, your vet will need to take blood tests, X-rays and ultrasounds. Your pooch may not show as much enthusiasm towards activities or treats that they once used to.
  • Sleep-Wake Cycle Changes A change in normal sleep patterns is a common symptom of CCD. Many pooches appear to interchange their daytime activities with their night time activities. If, for example, your dog used to sleep soundly but now paces most of the night, try leaving a light on for them or playing white noise for them. If this is unsuccessful in aiding their sleep issues, consult your vet for medication that may restore their sleep pattern.
  • House Soiling If your pooch is house-trained and suddenly begins “doing their business” indoors, this could be a vivid indication of CCD. Your dog has most probably lost the ability to control their elimination or forgotten where to eliminate entirely. If diabetes, bladder infections or kidney issues have been discounted from the equation, one can presume there’s been a cognitive decline.
  • Activity Level Although most dogs tend to become less active with age, those with CCD exhibit changes in how they respond to people, sounds and other stimuli in their environment. They may not find the enthusiasm to greet or play with you as they once did, they may display repetitive motions such as walking in circles, bobbing of the head or shaking of the legs. This behaviour is usually linked to deterioration of the brain and less likely to be confused with other conditions. Pet parents should also acknowledge that something isn’t right if their usually serene pooch begins barking unexpectedly and unnecessarily.

If you notice anything peculiar along these abovementioned lines, consult your veterinarian immediately.

Diagnosis 

Your veterinarian will require a thorough account of your dog’s medical history as well as when you initially noticed associated symptoms and the nature thereof. It’s also useful to mention any likely occurrences that may have triggered the abnormal behaviour or complications. Once a physical examination has been conducted by your vet to assess your pooch’s overall health and cognitive performance, ultrasounds, X-rays and blood tests will be carried out to discount other conditions that may be linked to cognitive dysfunction syndrome.

Treatment

Unfortunately, there is no way to stop cognitive deterioration, but it is possible to decelerate the process so that the number of problems that potentially arise can be minimised.

By feeding your pooch a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants, vitamin C and E, flavonoids, beta carotenoids, selenium and carnitine carotene as well as enhancing your furry loves one’s environment, you may increase their chance of cognitive improvement. Keeping your fur child mentally and physically stimulated with food puzzles, frequent scheduled play sessions, walks and socialising with other dogs, are vital to arouse their brain activity and enhance their learning and memory capabilities.

Your veterinarian may also prescribe psychoactive medication and dietary supplements to hinder your pooch’s cognitive decline. This will be introduced in accordance with your dog’s medical history and current health status.

Management

Your pooch should be regularly assessed by your veterinarian to evaluate how they are responding to treatment as well as if there have been any developments in their symptoms. You will need to update your vet immediately if any further changes in their behaviour arise. If, however, your dog’s behaviour appears stable, bi-annual check-ups will suffice unless further issues surface.  

Written for inFURmation
by Taliah Williamson

Why our pets may be feeling the cold more than we think

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Why our pets may be feeling the cold more than we think

While the cold weather may bring many positives such as TV series marathons in bed and an excuse to have just one more mug of hot chocolate, what it can also unfortunately bring with it is a lot of discomfort to our fur babies. Winter can exacerbate existing ailments our pets may have such as arthritis and, while we may be able to verbalise our pain, unfortunately our pets can’t. When it comes to cats it’s especially difficult for pet parents to acknowledge their pain as they’re absolute masters of disguise – a survival instinct. “Caused by the wear and tear of cartilage and bone of the joints, arthritis, if not managed properly can become extremely painful and debilitating,” says Dr Guy Fyvie, Hill’s Pet Nutrition’s veterinary advisor.

He explains that pets are more likely to develop arthritis as they age, but at times can occur in younger pets as a secondary ailment due to an inherited disease such as hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, or trauma to cartilage and ligaments.

According to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA), arthritis in pets is not a single ‘type’ of problem and presents differently in the growing, versus the middle-aged, versus the older cat or dog. Therefore, arthritis presenting at the different life stages requires a unique approach for optimal care. For example, in a growing dog surgical intervention may be the first line of treatment in an effort to limit the disease progression and the likelihood of pain in the future, whereas an older cat, for example, may require pain management and dietary changes. “We know arthritic cats are harder to diagnose, so signs pet parents should look out for is 1. sleeping all day, contrary to popular belief this isn’t normal. It’s called ‘slowing down,’ and is almost always pain related, and 2. look out for a scruffier coat especially around the tail area as they struggle to groom.”

It’s not all doom and gloom, however. Dr Fyvie says the good news is that there are plenty of things pet parents can do to reduce arthritis pain and improve their pet’s quality of life.

Weight management – Carrying a little extra weight can become a significant load on your pet’s joints and can increase the pain and stress on an already arthritic pet. Maintaining optimum weight should be a priority. If your pet’s weight is a concern, make an appointment with your vet. Your vet will objectively assess their weight, recommend nutritional and lifestyle changes if necessary, and prescribe pain relief or anti-inflammatory medication, as required. A food like Hill’s Prescription Diet Metabolic + Mobility can also help to support pets’ joints while assisting them in losing those extra kilos and maintaining a healthy weight.

Regular exercise – It’s hard for all of us to get up and move in winter – it’s just so cold. However, it’s important to maintain regular gentle exercise with our pets to keep their joints healthy and moving. A brisk walk with your dog when the winter sun is high, or a play session with your cat and an empty toilet roll will do wonders for everyone’s physical and mental wellbeing and is critical in the management of arthritis.

Comfortable bedding – Make sure your pet has a warm and sheltered area that is out of the cold, wet and wind. Winter nights make joint pain worse and a snug comfortable bed with extra blankets will allow your pet to relax while they’re lying down and recuperating. Just make sure your pet’s bed isn’t on a high level or is difficult to get in and out of, as this can put added pressure on their joints.

Avoid stairs – By minimising access to stairs, where possible, for really arthritic pets, can reduce unnecessary trauma. If stairs are unavoidable you may have to carry small pets up and down or use ramps around the house, if space allows. If jumping in and out of the car proves problematic for your larger dog, then consider a portable ramp to make this transition easier. For cats specifically, lower their food and water bowls for easy access or, if this isn’t possible, ensure there is a halfway jump to get up to them.

Nutrition – The food your pet eats plays an important role in their overall health and well-being.  Hill’s Prescription Diet j/d and mobility range of foods for dogs and cats are made with high levels of specific Omega-3 fatty acids, Glucosamine and Chondroitin, and is the only food clinically proven to improve mobility in as little as 21 days. For accurate diagnosis and treatment options, always consult your veterinarian and ask them to recommend the best food for your pet’s arthritis and joint health.

“Ideally, but unfortunately not in all cases, the management of arthritis should be a gentle one, involving a combination of the above approaches to optimise your pet’s comfort. The most important thing to remember though is to keep a close eye on your pet and if you notice any changes in their behaviour, make an appointment with your vet.  Prevention is always better than cure,” Dr Fyvie concludes.

For more information visit the Hill’s website

Media contact Republic PR | Julia Rice | julia@republicpr.co.za | 083 379 4633

Other posts by Hill’s Science Plan

How to support active mobility with healthy joints in dogs

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Hill's Pet Nutrition

Showing signs of joint stiffness?

As we get a little older we all start to feel a few more aches. pains and stiffness, even if we are still very active. This is usually more noticeable in the winter months when the weather is colder. The same can be true for our dogs. In fact, up to 40% of dogs show signs of joint sensitivity1 and mobility is on of pet parents top three health concerns, even more so than their pets weight.1

Mobility issues and (osteo)arthritis

“Arthritis” is a general term for changes in the joint caused by normal or abnormal wear and tear.  “If not managed properly it can become extremely painful and debilitating,” says Dr. Guy Fyvie Hill’s Pet Nutrition’s veterinary advisor.  Because your dog’s joint pain directly impacts his mobility and how well he’s able to get around, it can have a serious effect on his quality of life.

What causes mobility problems?

There are many reasons why your dog could be experiencing joint sensitivity and pain associated with arthritis.

AGE – as dogs get older, joint cartilage will progressively wear away. While it is much more common in senior dogs, younger dogs can suffer from arthritis, too.

BREED – certain breeds are more prone to developing arthritis. “At-risk” dog breeds include large dogs, like Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds and Rottweilers and breeds with abnormal limbs, like Bassets and Bulldogs.

EXCESS WEIGHT –  puts extra stress on your dog’s joints and cartilage, increases joint inflammation, increasing the risk of pain and arthritis.

ACCIDENTS OR TRAUMA – Trauma to cartilage and growth plates may lead to arthritis later in life, and adversely affect mobility.

CONGENITAL OR HEREDITARY DEFECTS – Some breeds may have congenital or hereditary conditions,  that make them more prone to developing arthritis later in life, for example large breed dogs prone to hip or elbow dysplasia.

What to watch out for

It’s never too soon to start looking out for the signs of joint sensitivity, catching them early can help manage this painful condition. It’s often easier to spot the signs in the winter cold- your dog may be stiff, less playful, move around less and sleep more than usual. The signs can often be misinterpreted as pets ‘slowing down’ due to old age, and include:

  • Stiffness, especially after resting
  • Hesitation to go up and down stairs
  • Lagging behind during walks or tiring easily
  • Preferring to lie down rather than sit or stand
  • Whimpering, growling or snapping when you touch his joints

It’s not all doom and gloom

Although not curable, there are plenty of things pet parents can do to reduce arthritis pain and improve their pet’s quality of life including managing his weight, the right kind of exercise, comfortable warm bedding, avoid stairs, anti inflammatory medication and the right nutrition. It’s best to work with your vet for a comprehensive plan to manage your pet suffering from the pain of arthritis.

Prevention is better than cure

The good news is you can start helping before the trouble starts. Hill’s expertise in therapeutic nutrition has shown us that proper nutrition, even when they are young and healthy, results in the best success in supporting the joints throughout their lives, into the senior years. 

Hill’s Science Plan Healthy Mobility is enriched with Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils (EPA) and clinically proven antioxidants to support active mobility, joint flexibility and ease of movement through healthy joints.

  • EPA from fish oil helps decrease inflammation and keep joint cartilage healthy
  • Glucosamine & chondroitin are building blocks of healthy cartilage
  • L-carnitine helps limit weight gain and load-bearing on the joints and maintains lean muscle to support the joints.

Ideal for active dogs and breeds that are prone to joint sensitivity, it’s suitable to be fed to the whole dog family from 1 year onwards.

Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition

Fight the effects of ageing in cats and dogs

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Hill's Pet Nutrition

Signs that your pet is ageing

As a ‘pet parent’ you may not like to think about the fact that your pet is getting older, perhaps because of the risks that come with age, such as cancer, arthritis, brain ageing and kidney disease. But even if your pet is ageing, he or she can now live a longer, healthier life thanks to better care and nutrition.

It’s not always easy to spot the signs that your pet is ageing. In fact in many cases pet parents often miss valuable “nutrition” years because there is little evidence of ageing at the age pets are considered “senior.”. If your pet is aged 7 and over they are considered senior. Large breed dogs reach the senior stage at age 5. “It’s not just what you see on the outside that counts. We know that inside every cell in the body, ageing is occurring,” says Dr Guy Fyvie, Veterinary Affairs Manager at Hill’s Pet Nutrition

Age-related changes start small and these small changes may seem unrelated, or at least unrelated to ageing, but if you’ve noticed your pet sleeping more or acting less excited about playtime, it’s likely that you’re actually seeing some signs of ageing. “The good news is that astute pet parents can spot the signs of ageing once they know the small changes to look out for,” adds Dr Fyvie.

Watch out for the tell TAILS signs of ageing:

  • Your pet may be confused by things that he/she used to experience easily before, such as locating their bed and bowls. They may also get stuck more frequently or find it difficult to pace around familiar obstacles like couches, coffee tables or even people. Your dog may bark for no reason.
  • Your pet may no longer be as interested in normal activities such as playing, running, grooming and exploring their environment. Instead, they may become restless and anxious, pacing around the house or fixating on objects or people.
  • Your older pet may stop socialising with you as much, losing interest in being petted, greeting you at the door or even sitting with you.
  • Loss of control. Kidney disease is common in older pets, particularly cats, and is a leading cause of illness. If your pet is drinking and urinating more, then this could be a sign that the kidneys are not functioning as they should. If you notice changes in your pets elimination routine – there should be cause for concern, it could be a sign of several conditions, including pain, bladder and kidney function and possible loss of brain function. Loss of weight and appetite can also be an indication of renal problems.
  • Sleep-Wake-Cycle. As your pet ages you may notice changes in their sleep patterns, which could indicate a brain dysfunction. This can include being awake more at night or sleeping more in the day. If your pet is restless or sleeps fitfully, there could be a problem.

The right nutrition can fight the effects ageing

The good news is that a simple change of food can make a big difference to an older pet.Through more than a decade of research into how nutrition impacts pets’ cell function, Hill’s has learned a lot about how the right food can help in fighting the effects of ageing.

Hill’s Science Plan Senior Vitality – formally known as Youthful Vitality – was developed with this in mind. This breakthrough nutrition is formulated with natural ingredients including fruits and vegetables, added fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and amino acids – all working together to fight signs of ageing.

  • Brain Function. Powerful antioxidants for a healthy brain to support desire for family interaction
  • Energy and Vitality. Protein and L-carnitine support improved activity and the ability to get moving
  • Healthy Immune System Vitamins C & E help bolster a strong immune system
  • Healthy Digestive System High quality, easy-to-digest ingredients with great taste
  • Luxurious Coat Essential fatty acids promote a coat with increased shininess and softness
  • No added artificial preservatives, flavours or colour.

Cutting-edge food science that transforms lives

In a clinical study1, pets fed Hill’s Science Plan Senior Vitality showed increased vitality, ability to get moving, running and playing, desire to interact and shinier, softer coats. In another in-house study, 70% of owners saw improvements in one or more signs of ageing after just 30 days.2

Hill’s Science Plan Senior Vitality is available for cats and mini, medium and large breed dogs in dry & delicious stews that cats and dogs love!

1 Clinical study conducted with 214 dogs aged 7-15 years and 82 cats from 8-15 years and with US veterinarians and pet owners.

2 In-House User Test study conducted with a prototype formulation (USA, 2015) via Applied Market Research (IMR) with 279 cats & dogs all above 7 years of age.

Source: Hill’s Pet Nutrition